Markers cytokines

CD4+ T-cell Function subset Transcription factor involved in lineage specification Cell surface marker Cytokines secreted following stimulation... 

T-ceU priming culture Proliferation markers, cytokine secretion, and T-ceU phenotype Hypersensitivity Faulkner et al. (2012)... 

Dendritic cell and keratinocyte activation Activation markers, cytokine secretion Chemical contact sensitization Basketter and Maxwell (2007) and Teunis et al. (2013)... 

Toward Nonproliferation-Based In Vitro Assays Cell Surface Activation Markers, Cytokines, Chemokines, and Skin-Homing Receptors... 

In vitro tests for delayed drug reactions include the lymphocyte transformation test and local lymph node assay but nonproliferation-based in vitro assays of cell surface activation markers, cytokines, chemokines, and skin-homing receptors will be increasingly applied. 

Advances in immunology during the last part of the twentieth century have continued at a rapid rate and cytokines and immune cells having specific markers continue to be defined. A number of natural and synthetic immunotherapeutic agents have been discovered that can modulate components of the normal or aberrant immune system, through stimulation or suppression. However, most of these substances also have inherent adverse side effects. 

Keane NM, Price P, Lee S et al (2001) An evaluation of serum soluble CD30 levels and serum CD26 (DPPIV) enzyme activity as markers of type 2 and type 1 cytokines in HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 126 111-116 Khan MZ, Brandimarti R, Shimizu S et al (2008) The chemokine CXCL12 promotes survival of postmitotic neurons by regulating Rb protein. Cell Death Differ 15(10) 1663-1672... 

Several cytokines have been characterized at the molecular level in different species of marine mammals (Table 23.2). In addition, limited evidence exists for conserved functionality of cytokines in marine mammals, such as the ability of human recombinant IL-2 to stimulate T cell proliferation [32, 33] and natural killer cell activity [39,40] in beluga whales and harbor seals. Assays were developed to quantify circulating levels of cytokines [41,42], as well as C-reactive protein, a marker of acute inflammation [43],... 

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