Markers anthropogenic

Hnggett, R.J., Khnerle, R.H., and Mehrle, P.M. Jr. et al. (Eds.) (1992). Biomarkers Biochemical, Physiological and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress. Boca Raton, EL Lewis. 

Clara M, Strenn B, Kreuzinger N (2004) Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in the aquatic environment investigations on the behaviour of carbamazepine in wastewater treatment and during groundwater infiltration. Water Res 38 947-954... 

Local assessment of the mass balance of the most critical PhCs (the most frequently administered antibiotics, analgesics/anti-inflammatories and the psychiatric dmg carbamazepine, considered an anthropogenic marker in wastewaters [121]) also provides useful information about the PhC contribution of the hospital effluent with respect to that of the catchment area. The extent of this contribution will differ between compound, but Beier et al. [92], in particular, reported that it can reach as high as 94% for some antibiotics (ciprofloxacin), although Kummerer [53], on the other hand, stated that only up to 25% of the antibiotics administered in Germany are used in hospitals. 

The first three components suggest regional sources of acidic anthropogenic aerosol, the marker elements of a copper smelter, and seasalt, respectively. The fourth component or the ammonium In component three do not provide a ready Interpretation of a known emission or meteorological source of variability. The negative correlation of nitrate with component two Is consistent with separate Influences of the copper smelter and automobile emissions. 

Buerge, I. J. Buser, H.-R. Muller, M. D. Poiger, T. Behavior of the Polycyclic Musks HHCB and AHTN in Lakes, Two Potential Anthropogenic Markers for Domestic Wastewater in Surface Waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 5636-5644. 

Research Priorities in Environmental Risk Assessment. Held in Breckenridge, Colorado, Aug 16 to 21,1987. Published by SETAC, 1987. Biomarkers Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress. Keystone, Colorado, 23 to 28 Jul 1989. Published as a SETAC Special Publication by Lewis Publishers, 1992. 

Several working groups have analyzed platinum group elements (PGEs) as possible markers of anthropogenic pollution in aerosols (in airborne particulates from automobile exhaust to check the emission of catalysts), mainly by ICP-MS.49 50 Airborne particles were also investigated with respect to selected element species (e.g., of Hg and Pb) by GC-ICP-MS.51,52... 

Ricking, M., J. Schwarzbauer, and S. Franke. 2003. Molecular markers of anthropogenic activity in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany). Water Res. 37 2607-2617. 

Huggett RJ, Kimerle RA, Mehrle PM, Bergman H, editors. 1992. Biomarkers biochemical, physiological and histological markers of anthropogenic stress. Boca Raton (FL) Lewis Publishers, 347 p. 

Spencer K., et al. (2000) Stable lead isotope ratios from distinct anthropogenic sources in hsh otoliths a potential nursery ground stock marker. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A. Molec. Integr. Physiol. 127, 273 -284. 

Anthropogenic Hydrocarbon Indicators. All of the cited above represent individual markers for biological origins of sedimentary organic compounds can become pollutants in... 

In addition to the above mentioned pollutants, which are characterized by harmful ecotoxicological or toxicological effects, further anthropogenic contaminants were analysed frequently, the so-called anthropogenic markers. An impressive review on the evaluation and use of anthropogenic marker compounds has been published recently by Takada and Eganhouse (1998). 

Anthropogenic marker compounds are both natural substances derived from human feces or urine and xenobiotics. Apart from information on the emission sources they also provide information on transport pathways and fate of anthropogenic contaminants. In case of undisturbed sedimentation... 

Fig. 8 Origin and transformation pathway of the anthropogenic marker compound urobilin, partially adapted from Takada and Eganhouse (1998).

Tab. 1 Well known anthropogenic marker compounds, their sources and occurrence (adapted from Takada and Eganhouse 1998)...

A huge proportion of the presented investigations used organic marker compounds in order to differentiate the various anthropogenic emissions to the river and groundwater systems. The studies are not restricted to the application of established marker compounds, but numerous new marker substances were introduced and evaluated. 

Chapter 2 contains two studies related to groundwater contamination as a result of two different anthropogenic activities. The first study (chapter 2.1) focuses on emissions derived from a leaking waste deposit landfill. The chemical characterisation as well as the identification of specific contaminants are main objectives. Further on, using a set of specific waste deposit derived marker compounds the spatial distribution as well as a time trend was characterised in order to assess the risk of the waste deposit derived effluents. 

The same approach was applied to water samples of the Rhine river between Koblenz and the border to the Netherlands (chapter 3.2). Similarly, a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the anthropogenic organic contaminants and quantitative measurements of selected substances are the main objectives. The results are discussed with respect to emission sources, environmental behaviour of the pollutants as well as their marker properties. 

A anthropogenic marker B known biogenic or geogenic source I industrial application or industrial by-product... 

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