Compounds organic marker

Rogge WF, Medeiros PM, Simoneit BRT, Organic marker compounds for soil and fugitive dust from open lot dairies and cattle feedlots. Atmospheric Environment 40 27- 9, 2006. 

A huge proportion of the presented investigations used organic marker compounds in order to differentiate the various anthropogenic emissions to the river and groundwater systems. The studies are not restricted to the application of established marker compounds, but numerous new marker substances were introduced and evaluated. 

Groundwater and drainage effluent samples were analysed by means of an organic marker compound approach in order to monitor a waste deposit landfill derived contamination. Considering the quantitative data presented the following two main results can be summarized ... 

Tab. 3 Potential organic marker compounds of the Elbe river. Halogenated compounds Nonhalogenated compounds...

Quantitative evaluation of Elbe river derived organic marker compounds in sediment samples from the German Bight ... 

However, anthropogenic emissions can also be traced to other sources than mining. This can be reflected in more detail by specific organic marker compounds. Most of these compounds have entered the list of priority pollutants due to their biological and chemical persistence (Takada and Eganhouse, 1998). This reveals not only their ecological and ecotoxicological relevance but characterizes them as stable marker substances. 

The isoprenoid compound shown is a scent marker present in the urine of the red fox Sug gest a reasonable synthesis for this substance from 3 methyl 3 buten 1 ol and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents... 

You need to take samples of (a) water suspected of pollution by organic compounds, (b) an unknown white powder and (c) diesel fuel containing anti-theft marker dyes. In each case, decide which of the containers in the following list would be suitable. You can use the same container for more than one application. Containers (i) polyethylene bag with freezer-tie closure, (ii) can with screw top, (iii) glass bottle and (iv) polypropylene bottle. 

Ten columns of the 24 available in a cartridge were employed to analyze all compounds in duplicate. Uracil, was employed as a dead volume marker (tO) needed for the evaluation of retention factor [k = (tr - t0)/t0]. Two additional columns were used for simultaneous analysis of the unknown. Values for the log of the capacity factor k were calculated for every compound at each percent organic content of the mobile phase log k = log [(tr - t0)/t0. For each compound, a plot of log k versus percent acetonitrile was used to calculate log k w (log k at 0% acetonitrile). 

EPR-IR. The neutral sandwich complexes of Lu and the one-electron oxidized sandwich complexes of Zr have a jr-radical anion that can be observed by EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectra for compounds 21, 23, 25, 27 and Collman s mixed porphyrin-pz system (30) give a signal for an S = j system with a g value of 2.0037, which is typical for an organic n radical (35). Further evidence for the Jt-radical character in sandwich compounds of phthalocyanines, porphyrins, and porphyrazines may be obtained from infrared (IR) spectroscopy by the presence of diagnostic marker bands (81). These intense bands are found in the IR spectra of Lu(III) compounds (21) (1150 cm-1) (35), 23 (1140 cm-1) (78), and 25 (1261 cm4) (34) and are absent in the Zr(IV) and Ce(IV) compounds 27,29, and 31. 

Tandem mass spectrometry (i.e., MS-MS) is another technique that has recently become popular for the direct analysis of individual molecular markers in complex organic mixtures [87,505,509,578 - 583]. This technique provides a rapid method for the direct analysis of specific classes of molecular markers in whole sample extracts. In this approach the system is set up to monitor the parent ions responsible for a specific daughter ion as described above and the distribution of parent ions obtained under these conditions should provide the same information as previously obtained by GC-MS [505, 582]. Even greater specificity can be achieved by a combination of GC-MS-MS [516,584]. In view of the complexity of COM samples and the need to detect the presence of individual organic compounds or classes of compounds, it would seem that MS-MS, especially coupled with GC, would be extremely valuable in future environmental organic geochemistry studies. 

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