Geogenic sources

Dioxins are mainly by-products of industrial processes, but can also result from natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires. Besides the anthropogenic (man-made) sources of PCDD/F discussed earher, biogenic and geogenic sources for dioxins also have been discovered recently. In natural clays of the kaohnite-type found in German mines in Westerwald, considerable levels of PCDD / F have been detected the same findings were obtained in special ball clays in the Mississippi area of the United States. The pattern (isomeric ratios) of this natural type of dioxins is different from the pattern obtained from incineration plants. 

These investigations demonstrate that different anthropogenic and geogenic sources of the pollutant loads of river sediments cannot be unambiguously classified by investigation of the binding forms of heavy metals. 

NeubergerM, Frank W, Golob P, etal. 1996. [Asbestos concentrations in drinking water Asbestos cement pipes and geogen sources in Austria.] Zentralbl Hyg Umeweltmed 198 293-306. (German). 

Each country has its own set of requirements for reporting. However, releases from nonpoint sources, although contributing a large share to any industrialized country s pollution burden, are so far included only in a limited number of PRTR systems. These nonpoint, or diffuse, sources include area sources (e.g., residential wood combustion, dry cleaners), mobile sources (e.g., automobiles, aircrafts, trains), biogenic sources (e.g., vegetation and microbial activity), and geogenic sources (e.g., soil erosion and volcanoes). 

A anthropogenic marker B known biogenic or geogenic source I industrial application or industrial by-product... 

Geogenic Naturally occurring. Refers to the contamination of groundwater, soils, sediments, and rocks by natural sources. 

Motzer et al. [107] demonstrate that the anthropogenic and geogenic (material) perchlorate sources could be differentiated using chlorine and oxygen isotope ratios. This is of particular importance in the forensic investigation of postblast scenes in order to determine whether perchlorate residues are from the natural environment or foreign to the environment such as an improvised explosive device (lED). 

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