Marker smokes

At present, phosphorus-containing artillery shells remain the most widely used method of projecting either marker smoke or incendiary damage into specific locations. 

Colrain I. M., Trinder J., Swan G. E. (2004). The impact of smoking cessation on objective and subjective markers of sleep review, synthesis, and recommendations. Nicotine Tob. Res. 6, 913-25. 

Jarvis MJ. 1989. Application of biochemical intake markers to passive smoking measurement and risk estimation. Mutat Res 222 101-110. 

Leaderer BP, Hammond SK (1991) Evaluation of vapor-phase nicotine and respirable suspended particle mass as markers for environmental tobacco smoke. Environ Sci Technol 25 770-777... 

Principal risk factors for heart disease are elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, a family history of heart disease, and hypertension. Other risks include being male, smoking, low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocystinemia, high levels of lipoprotein a (Lpa), and high blood levels of C-reactive protein. (Table 23.1). C-Reactive protein is a marker for cellular inflammation. 

Cyclin D1/2 expression. Smoke, administered to male strain A/J mice fed a diet with chemopreventive agents, produced a decrease in cyclin Dl/2 expression. Expression of cyclin may be a useful marker in the identification of chemopreventive agents from tobacco smoke . 

The Ba of the motor-vehicle component appears to come mainly from diesel trucks. In part because of Its use as a smoke suppressant (14). Thus, the Ba associated with the component may be quite variable with time and traffic mix. If Br were Included, Its relative concentration In the component should probably be reduced by about 10% to account for losses of this volatile element between the time of release and Its collection at a receptor site. These elements could probably be used as markers If the fitting procedure had provision for weighting based on uncertainties of relative concentrations of elements In the components (21). For the present tests, we have not Included this feature, but have Included weighting factors of 1/a for each element In the samples, where a Includes uncertainties of the analytical measurements and filter blank values. If the additional weighting were Included, the Importance of Ba and Br In determining the strength of the motor-vehicle component would be reduced relative to that of Pb because of their greater uncertainties. 

In addition, the /-C33 component is relatively more important in the leaf abrasion particles. Similarly, Kavouras et al. (1998) have shown that in addition to the concentrations and ratios of the iso- and anteiso-alkanes, there are other markers associated with the alkanes in cigarette smoke. For example, the CPI for cigarette smoke was measured to be 3.44 compared to 1.41-1.66 for particles in urban and suburban areas. (The CPI for rural areas was 4.53, reflecting the contribution from plant waxes.)... 

Of course, activities such as smoking result in enhanced levels not only of nicotine (e.g., Thompson et al., 1989) but also of a variety of other gases associated with cigarette smoke (e.g., California Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 Nelson et al., 1998). For example, using 3-ethenylpyridine as a marker for cigarette smoke, Heavner et al. (1992) estimated that 0.2-39% of the benzene and 2-49% of the styrene measured in the homes of smokers were from cigarette smoke. 

Van Loy, M. D., W. W. Nazaroff, and J. M. Daisey, Nicotine as a Marker for Environmental Tobacco Smoke Implications of Sorption on Indoor Surface Materials, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 48, 959-968 (1998). 

Light Green Smoke or marker ammunition. Presence of high or low explosive indicated by yellow or brown bands Bertram Smith, E.P. Dutton Co NY 1918 Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Materiel Vols 1 2, US Army... 

See under Smoke Floats Navy Sea Markers Type 0, Model 1, Model 2 were light metal cylinders with rounded nose and conical tail, provided with fins. They contd fine A1 dust with 6.5% Zri dust. On impact with water the plug in the nose was forced into the body forcing the tail portion to be freed from the body, thereby scattering Al-Zn pdr,... 

Smoke Bomb (Hatsuen bakudan). One of such bombs is described here under Markers and Indicators and also in Ref 2, p 113-R as Type 2 2-kg Target Indicator. A larger Bomb, weighing 155 lbs, called Type 3, No 6 Target Marker Bomb is also described here and in Ref 2, p 113-L... 

Smoke Floats are devices serving as Sea Markers . Following are examples ... 

Clozapine is principally metabolized to N -desmethylclozapine (norclozapine). It is also metabolized to and n-oxide, other hydroxyl metabolites, and a protein-reactive metabolite. The n-oxide can be converted back to clozapine. The enzyme responsible for the metabolism of clozapine to norclozapine is the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme (325). This is consistent with a study showing that caffeine, a marker for 1A2, is cleared in relationship to the conversion of clozapine to norclozapine ( 326). Discontinuation of coffee intake can decrease the clozapine plasma levels by more than 50%, and increasing caffeine intake can produce a reemergence of the side effects (e.g., drowsiness, excess salivation). Additionally, smoking, which induces 1A2, lowers clozapine plasma levels. Fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of 1A2, dramatically increases plasma levels, and on occasion, adverse effects are seen ( 327). This phenomenon can lead to clozapine intoxication in patients on high doses of fluvoxamine. 

A modest but not significant inverse correlation between the intake of flavonols and flavones and subsequent mortality rates was found in a prospective cohort study of US Health Professionals by Rimm et al [206]. The authors do not exclude that flavonoids have a protective effect in men with established coronary heart disease although strong evidence was missing. Also other studies failed to demonstrate a significant statistical association between the intake of polyphenols and CHD. In Great Britain for instance coronary and total mortality even rose with the intake of the major flavonol source, tea [207], The most likely explanation for the latter observation is that in this study tea consumption merely acted as a marker for a lifestyle that favours the development of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, men with the highest intake of tea and flavonols tended to be manual workers, and they smoked more and ate more fat [208],... 

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