Marine sediments bacterial production

Fallon, R.D., Newell, S.Y. and Hopkinson, C.S., 1983. Bacterial production in marine sediments will cell-specific measures agree with whole-system metabolism. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 11 119-127. 

Gerlach, S., 1978. Food-chain relationships in subtidal silty sand marine sediments and the role of meiofauna in stimulating bacterial productivity. Oecologia (Berl.), 33 55-69. 

Chafetz H.S. (1986) Marine peloids A product of bacterially induced precipitation of calcite. J. Sediment Petrol. 56, 812-817. 

A combination of bacterivory and lytic viral activity appears to account for roughly similar amounts of bacterial biomass loss in marine sediments, which is comparable to the dynamics in overlying waters (Strom, 2000). However, rates of bacterivory and viral lysis are strongly influenced by sediment type and organic matter loading (Hamels et ah, 2001 Hewson and Fuhrman, 2003), which is ultimately hnked to local geography and productivity of overlying waters. 

Sander, B. C., and Kalff, J. (1993). Factors controlling bacterial production in marine and freshwater sediments. Microb. Ecol. 26, 79—99. 

Elemental sulfur is an oxidation product of dissolved sulfide. It may form inorganically, but in near-surface marine sediments where dissolved sulfide exists close to the sediment-water interface, it commonly forms because of the metabolic activities of sulfide oxidizing bacteria. Bacterial mats of filamentous sulfur producing Beggiatoa spp. have been observed in the surface of nearshore marine sediments (Schimmelmann and Kastner, 1993 Troelsen and Jorgensen, 1982). Elemental sulfur can be stored within invaginations of the bacterial cell wall in the form... 

Luminous bacteria are bioluminescent microorganisms whose luciferase genes (lux), proteins and intact cells are widely used in applied research and commercial products. Acknowledging the commercial value of luminescent cells also in entertainment and education, we have conducted research on luminous bacteria from marine samples and have isolated Photobacterium phosphoreum (strain RL-1) from coastal marine sediment. In order to maximize the luminescence activity of RL-1, we examined a series of extracts prepared from dried marine foodstuff. Because chitinous compounds and some amino acids are known to be abundant in dried squid and shrimp, we also tested the effects of those compounds on the luminescence activity. Among the supplemental compounds tested, chitosan, cysteine, and aspartic acid were found to enhance the luminescence activity of RL-1. The present results indicate that some amino acids and chitinous compounds are effective supplements for further enhancing bacterial light production in an enriched medium (SWC ). 

Vast amounts of sulfide, corresponding to 7 megaton of HjS daily, are generated in marine sediments as the product of bacterial sulfate reduction. A small fraction of this sulfide is trapped within the sediment, mainly by reaction and precipitation with iron to form pyrite, or by the sulfidization of organic matter, and it thereby becomes buried in... 

S-sulphate seawater curve and the 5 0-sulphate seawater curve (Figure 7.22) although the two isotopic systems are not closely coupled. in modern marine sediments has an extensive range from values around +20 V , reflecting the composition of seawater down to 56"/(n, the product of bacterial sulphate reduction (Section 7.5.2). Some metasediments have values as high as +40Voii CDT. 

Doose P. R. (1980) The bacterial production of methane in marine sediments. Ph.D. Thesis, University of CaUfomia, Los Angeles, CA, 240 pp. 

Do, H., Kogure, K., Imada, C., Noguchi, T., Ohwada, K., and Simidu, U. (1991) Tetrodotoxin production of Actinomycetes isolated from marine sediment./. Appl. Bacterial., 70, 464-468. 

Sulfides and disulfides can be produced by bacterial reactions in the marine environment. 2-Dimeth-ylthiopropionic acid is produced by algae and by the marsh grass Spartina alternifolia, and may then be metabolized in sediment slurries under anoxic conditions to dimethyl sulfide (Kiene and Taylor 1988), and by aerobic bacteria to methyl sulfide (Taylor and Gilchrist 1991). Further details are given in Chapter 11, Part 2. Methyl sulfide can also be produced by biological methylation of sulfide itself (HS ). Carbon radicals are not the initial atmospheric products from organic sulfides and disulfides, and the reactions also provide an example in which the rates of reaction with nitrate... 

The salinity of water bodies (Box 3.1) has an effect on the composition of primary producer communities. Fresh water and seawater in typical open marine environments contain the greatest numbers (diversity) of species. However, relatively few organisms can tolerate large fluctuations in salinity (e.g. where fresh water meets seawater in estuaries) and hypersaline conditions. In hypersaline conditions (Box 3.1) phytoplanktonic diversity is much reduced but the species adapted to these environments can produce large amounts of organic material. In addition, herbivore abundance may be low, so much of the net primary production may be available for incorporation into sediments. Cyano-bacterial mat communities tend to be successful in the shallow areas of such environments, and productivity can reach 8-12gCor m-2 day-1 (Schidlowski 1988). °rB... 

---