Coastal marine sediments

Cochran JK (1984) The fates of U and Th decay series nuclides in the estuarine environment. In The Estuary as a Filter. Kennedy VS (ed) Academic Press, London, p 179-220 Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the uranium - and thorium - series nuclides. In Uranium-series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 334-395 Cochran JK, Masque P (2003) Short-lived U/Th-series radionuclides in the ocean tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Rev Mineral Geochem 52 461-492 Cochran JK, Carey AE, Sholkovitz ER, Surprenant LD (1986) The geochemistry of uranium and thorium in coastal marine-sediments and sediment pore waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50 663-680 Corbett DR, Chanton J, Burnett W, Dillon K, Rutkowski C. (1999) Patterns of groundwater discharge into Florida Bay. Linrnol Oceanogr 44 1045-1055... 

Tin concentrations in algae collected near the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Calif, and in coastal marine sediments from Narragansett Bay, USA, were determined by Hodge and coworkers42. Tin concentrations of the blades of Pelagophycus porra, Macrocystis pyrifera and Eisenia arborea were 0.71 0.01, 0.83 0.01 and 1.06 0.02 i-gSng 1 dry wt., respectively. Tin concentrations in the core of sediments are shown in Table 8. 

Thamdrup B, Fossing H, Jeorgensen BB (1994) Manganese, iron and sulfur cycling in a coastal marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 5115-5129... 

Brandes JA, Devol AH (1997) Isotopic fractionation of oxygen and nitrogen in coastal marine sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 1793-1801... 

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used as a pesticide to protect against fungus and in the manufacture of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubber. This polychlorinated benzene now is foimd in coastal marine sediments. It also bioaccumulates in marine organisms. 

Windom HE, Schropp SJ, Calder FD, et al. 1989. Natural trace metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments of the southeastern United States. Enviromnental Science and Technology 23 314-320. 

Aerobic microbial oxidation Beggiatoa mat Coastal marine sediment Coastal marine sediment Estuarine sediments Thiobacilli in water of L. Faro S oxidation in water of Big Soda L, Chemical oxidation by oxygen0 Black Sea Calculated Hypolimnetic Sediment... 

Stability of iron sulfides in lake sediments has not been thoroughly examined. Pyrite undergoes dynamic seasonal oxidation in salt marshes and coastal marine sediments (142, 184, 191-195). Pyrite oxidation is mediated... 

USA Southern California coastal marine sediments 248 1.0-20.4 Schiff and Weisberg (1999), 1 65... 

Takeuchi, M Terada, A., Nanba, K. et al. (2005) Distribution and fate of biologically formed organoarsenicals in coastal marine sediment. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 19(8), 945-51. 

Sorenson, J., 1984. Seasonal variation and control of oxygen, nitrate and sulfate respiration in coastal marine sediments. In M.3. Klug and C.A. Reddy (eds), Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 447-453. 

Brownawell B. J., and J. W. Farrington. 1986. Biogeochemistry of PCBs in interstitial waters of a coastal marine sediment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50 157. 

Figure 17.20. Phosphorus covariance map and fluorescence P-NEXAFS spectra collected from a coastal marine sediment (Brandes et al., 2007). Covariance map is color-coded Green represents P, blue represents Si, and red represents Na fluorescence signals. Regions 1,3, and 5 have spectra consistent with organic phosphorus or polyphosphate, while regions 2 and 4 closely match calcium phosphate, specifically the mineral apatite. See color insert.

Bodenbender J. Wassmann R. Papen H. and Rennenberg H. (1999). Temporal and spatial variation of sulfur-gas transfer between coastal marine sediments and the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment, 33(21), 3487-3502. 

PCBs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and OCPs were reported in Singapore s coastal marine sediments by Wurl and Obbard (2005b) and concentration levels are summarized in Table 15.5 (PCBs and PBDEs) and Table 15.6 (OCPs). Sample stations are indicated in Fig. 15.12.Total PCB concentrations ranged widely from 1.4 to 329.6 ngg-1. High concentrations were found in samples close to highly industrialized areas dominated by petrochemical plants. A notable decline in the concentration of EPCBs could be observed seawards from sample station SW3 over SW2 to SW1 (62.2-14.1 ng g-1) (Fig. 15.12) and... 

A comparison of the concentration of PCBs and OCPs in Singapore s coastal marine sediments with the sediment quality guideline specified by the USEPA (1997) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME, 2002) (Table 15.8), and comparison with levels of contaminants reported from other locations in Asia, Singapore s marine sediments can be classified as moderately contaminated with probable ecotoxicological impacts to marine organisms. 

Soclo, H.H., Garrigues, P.H., Ewald, M., 2000. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in coastal marine sediments Case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40, 387-396. 

Wurl, O., Obbard, J.P., 2005b. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Singapore s coastal marine sediments. Chemosphere 58, 925-933. 

The organism also fermented acrylate, as do other Clostridia, to a 2 1 molar mixture of propionate and acetate. Bacteria that ferment aciylate, derived from DMSP, probably abound in coastal marine sediments (Kiene and Taylor, this volume). Kiene and Taylor (this volume) observed that acrylate was immediately metabolized in anoxic slurries of coastal marine sediments with the appearance of a 1 2 molar mixture of acetate and propionate. The acetate and propionate were consumed by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Acetate is a quantitatively important substrate in anoxic marine sediments (491 and DMSP may be a significant precursor of acetate in such environments. 

The anaerobic metabolism of acrylate and 3-mercaptopropionate (3-MPA) was studied in slurries of coastal marine sediments. The rate of these compounds is important because they are derived from the algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is a major organic sulfur compound in marine environments. Micromolar levels of acrylate were fermented rapidly in the slurries to a mixture of acetate and propionate (1 2 molar ratio). Sulfate-reducing bacteria subsequently removed the acetate and propionate. 3-MPA has only recently been detected in natural environments. In our experiments 3-MPA was formed by chemical addition of sulfide to aciylate and was then consumed by biological processes. 3-MPA is a known inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in mammalian systems. In accord with this fact, high concentrations of 3-MPA caused acetate to accumulate in sediment slurries. At lower concentrations, however, 3-MPA was metabolized by anaerobic bacteria. We conclude that the degradation of DMSP may ultimately lead to the production of substrates which are readily metabolized by microbes in the sediments. 

Mechanistic Studies of Organosulfur (Thiol) Formation in Coastal Marine Sediments... 

The much higher reactivity of polysulfide ions, compared with HS, towards organic Michael acceptors suggests that, in coastal marine sediments and salt marshes, polysulfide 10ns could be more important than HS for organosulfur formation. In fact, preliminary studies indicate that TBP treatment of anoxic sediment slurries or extracted pore water from Biscayne Bay (Florida) releases substantial amounts of 3-MPA (22), suggesting the presence of polysufido-propionic acids or the disulfide of 3-MPA This aspect is currently under study. 

Lara-Martin, P. 2005. Determination and distribution of alkyl, ethoxysuffates and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in coastal marine sediments from the Bay of Cadiz (Southwest of Spain). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24 2196-2202. 

Bihari, N., M. Fafandel, B. Hamer, and B. Kralj-Bilen. 2006. PAH content, toxicity and genotoxicity of coastal marine sediments from the Rovinj area, Northern Adriatic, Croatia. Sci. Total Environ. 366 602-611. 

Figure 12.5 Sulfur isotopic budget based on mass isotopic fluxes (bar graphs) and their isotopic composition on a monthly basis in coastal marine sediments of cape Lookout Bight, NC (USA). Units are in mol S m-2 m-1. (Modified from Chanton and Martens, 1987b.)...

Andersen, F.O., and Kristensen, E. (1992) The importance of benthic macrofauna in decomposition of microalgae in a coastal marine sediment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 1392-1403. 

Deflandre, B., Mucci, A., Gagne, J., Guignard, C., and Sundby, B. (2002) Early diagenetic processes in coastal marine sediments disturbed by catastrophic sedimentation event. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66, 2547-2558. 

Deflandre, B., Sundby, B., Gremare, a., Lefran ois, L., and Gagne, J.P. (2000) Effects of sedimentary microenvironments on the vertical distributions of oxygen and DOC in coastal marine sediments scales of variability. EOS Trans Am. Geophys. Union 80, 115. 

Furlong, E.T., and Carpenter, R. (1988) Pigment preservation and remineralization in oxic coastal marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 87-99. 

Gagnon, C., Micci, A., and Pelletier, E. (1995) Anomalous accumulation of acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) in a coastal marine sediment, Sagueny Fjord, Canada. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2663-2675. 

Henrichs, S.M., and Farrington, J.W. (1987) Early diagenesis of amino acids and organic matter in two coastal marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1-15. 

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