Grass Marsh, Spartina

Sulfides and disulfides can be produced by bacterial reactions in the marine environment. 2-Dimeth-ylthiopropionic acid is produced by algae and by the marsh grass Spartina alternifolia, and may then be metabolized in sediment slurries under anoxic conditions to dimethyl sulfide (Kiene and Taylor 1988), and by aerobic bacteria to methyl sulfide (Taylor and Gilchrist 1991). Further details are given in Chapter 11, Part 2. Methyl sulfide can also be produced by biological methylation of sulfide itself (HS ). Carbon radicals are not the initial atmospheric products from organic sulfides and disulfides, and the reactions also provide an example in which the rates of reaction with nitrate... 

Marsh grasses, Spartina spp., whole Control areas 2.3-3.1 DW... 

Estuarine samples of the AAS marsh grass Spartina alterniflora and eelgrass... 

DMSP is present in a number of marsh plants, but only in Spartina altemiflora (191 and S. anglica (221 is it particularly abundant. Spartina altemiflom is the dominant species in temperate marshes of North America but not in marshes or wetlands at lower latitudes. To date, most DMS emission measurements have been made in marshes dominated by S. altemiflora. Emission rates in areas having other marsh grasses, with lower DMSP content, are likely to be considerably lower. Estimates of DMS emission from saltmarshes in general which are based on fluxes from S. altemiflora without considering the species of grass are likely to be considerably overestimated. 

Haddad, R.I., Newell, S.Y., Martens, C.S., and Fallon, R.D. (1992) Early diagenesis of lignin-associated phenolics in the salt marsh grass Spartina altemiflora. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3751-3764. 

Hodson, R.E, Christian, R.R., and Maccubbin, A.E. (1983) Lignocellulose and lignin in the salt marsh grass Spartina altemiflora initial concentration and short-term, post-depositional changes in detrital matter. Mar. Biol. 81, 1-7. 

Bagwell, C. E., and Lovell, C. R. (2000a). Microdiversity of crdturable diazotrophs from the rhizo-planes of the salt marsh grasses Spartina alternijlora and Juncus roemerianus. Microb. Ecol. 39(2), 128-136. 

Moisander, P. H., Piehler, M. F., andPaerl, H. W. (2005). Diversity and activity of epiphytic nitrogen-fixers on standing dead stems of the salt marsh grass Spartina alternijlora. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 39, 271— 279. 

Whiting, G., Gandy, E., and Yoch, D. (1986). Tight coupling of root-associated nitrogen fixation and plant photosynthesis in the salt marsh grass Spartina alternijlora and carbon dioxide enhancement of nitrogenase activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52, 108-113. 

Burdick, D., Mendelssohn, I., and McKee, K. (1989). Live standing crop and metabohsm of the marsh grass Spartina patens as related to edaphic factors in a brackish, mixed marsh community in Louisiana. Estuaries 12, 195—204. 

Valiela, I., Teal, J.M., and Deuser, W.G. (1978) The nature of growth forms in the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, American Naturalist 112, 461 70. 

Salt marshes are dominated by marsh grasses, the predominant one in temperate climates being Spartina and, in the Arctic, Puccinellia, which has similar characteristics. The outer fringes of marshes are dominated by shrubs such as sedges. Marshes also export a large amount of plant detritus back to the sea, which contributes to the food chains of connecting water bodies. 

A new nonaketide metabolite, obionin A (28), was isolated as a brownish-red solid from the air-dried mycelium of a halotolerant Ascomycotina, Leptospaeha obiones (Crouan et Crouan) Saccoro (Leptosphaeriaceae), collected from the coastal salt-marsh grass Spartina alternifolia. It constitutes the first reported lH-naphto[2,3-c]pyran 8,9-dione system. The stereochemistry of the side-chain has not yet been determined [76]. 

Natural sources of the lysergic amides, including harvesting procedures for ergot-infested rye and Spartina marsh-grass... 

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