Marine and offshore industry

Dove, M.J., Burns, R.S. and Evison, J.L. (1986) The use of Kalman Filters in Navigation Systems - Current Status and Future Possibilities. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Computer Aided Design, Manf. and Operation in the Marine and Offshore Industries, Keramidas, G.A. and Murthy, T.K.S. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Washington, DC, pp. 361-374. 

Veldhuizen MMJ (2011) Capital project lifecycle management (CPLM) vs. product lifecycle management (PLM) for shipbuilding, marine and offshore industries. In Proceedings of international conference on computer application in shipbuilding 2011, vol 1, paper 8... 

Understanding the interactions between CP systems is becoming more complex particularly in the marine and offshore industry. The search for oil and gas in deeper waters and remote environments has resulted in engineering designs with many components on the seabed as well as at the sea surface. However, traditional design methods are inadequate in these situations due to the important interactions that may occur between CP systems [19]. 

Human reliability is a critical parameter for safety and security in all industries. It is estimated that 70°/c 90% of all types of failures in all types of activities are directly or indirectly related to human error (Li et al. 2012). In the nuclear industry human-induced failures are 90% of the total recorded failures (French et al. 2011) this percentage is more than 80% for the chemical and petrochemical industry (Kariuki Lowe 2007, French et al. 2011, El-Ladan Turan 2012), 80%-90% for the marine and offshore industry (El-Ladan Turan 2012, Kounavos 2012, Sundaramurthi Smidts 2013), 60%-90% for the aviation industry (French et al. 2011, El-Ladan Turan 2012), and 75% for infrastructure such as water supply, dams, buildings and bridges (French et al. 2011, Kounavos 2012). 

Chapter 4 describes both the offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships. The current practices and the latest development in safety assessment in both the marine and offshore industries are described. The relationship between the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment is described and discussed. The study of risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out. The recommendations on further work required are finally given. 

Note that when high voltages are used in marine and offshore installations it is usually necessary to adopt the international standards that apply to onshore oil industry installations. 

The aeronautical industry pioneered the use of composites. In 1940 Dr N A de Bruyne and his team constructed an experimental Spitfire fuselage entirely out of unidirectional flax reinforced phenolic prepreg. In the marine industry composites have been used as early as the 1950s. Other successful applications have been found in the chemical, electrical, land transport and offshore industries. 

This book may be used as a reference by marine and offshore safety analysts within industry by marine and offshore safety researchers and by undergraduates and postgraduates in marine and offshore technology. 

As a result of such extensive use of agricultural and industrial chemicals and uncontrolled production of wastes the entire Indian environment and biota such as its atmosphere (Ramesh et al., 1989), freshwater sources (Pillai, 1986 Rehana et al., 1996 Babu Rajendran and Subramanian, 1997), estuaries (Bhattacharya et al., 2003), coastal and offshore areas (Sarkar and Sen gupta, 1988a,b Iwata et al., 1993a Sarkar et al., 1997), inland soils (Kawano et al., 1992), fish (Babu Rajendran et al., 1992, 1994 Das et al., 2002), birds (Tanabe et al., 1998a), bats (Senthilkumar et al., 1999b), river dolphins (Kannan et al., 1993, 1994 Senthilkumar et al., 1999a Subramanian et al., 1999), food stuff (Kannan et al., 1992) marine mammals (Tanabe, 2002 Tanabe et al., 1993) and human milk (Tanabe et al., 1990) have been reported to be loaded with multitude of mixtures of POPs. 

The book was written with the aim of eombining a deseription of praetieal eorrosion proeesses and problems with a theoretieal explanation of the various types and forms of eorrosion. Relatively mueh attention was paid to the effeets upon eorrosion of faetors sueh as flow, heat, materials seleetion, design, surfaee eonditions, and meehanieal loads and impaets, as well as their roles in the development of different eorrosion forms. The seope of the book is wet eorrosion in general. However, beeause of the vital position of the offshore industry in Norway, several eases and aspeets dealt with are related to marine teehnology and oil and gas produetion. 

The IMCA (International Marine Contractors Association) runs a self regulation competence assurance and assessment scheme (IMCA, 2003) to enable contractors to facilitate and improve safety in the offshore industry. This excellent framework enables contractors to assess and demonstrate to others the competence of safety-critical personnel. It also includes competency measmes for client s representatives. While it focuses on the offshore industry this is very relevant to coastal and maritime works. Further details including guidance, guidance for assessors, logbooks, etc. can be obtained fi om www.imca-int.com. 

The oil and gas industry has operated offshore for decades and has developed many best practices and standards that can be used as a foundation for offshore wind development. Oil and gas developers started with practices and equipment for land-based applications and adapted them to the marine environment, as offshore wind developers have started to do. The oil and gas industry s understanding of seabed geology and meteorological conditions and their effects on design and operations is proving beneficial to the offshore wind industry. The wind industry is using innovations such as jack-up vessels and different foundation types, which were first developed by the oil and gas industry (Melnyk and Andersen 2009). 

C Medium— Urban and industrial atmospheres, moderate sulfur dioxide pollution coastal areas with low salinity C j Very High, Industry—Industrial areas with high humidity and aggressive atmosphere C j, Very High, Marine—Coastal and offshore areas with high salinity... 

---