Malnutrition Osteoporosis

Human growth hormone, used as a human pharmaceutical, is approved for only one indication in the United States, treatment of growth failure owing to hGH deficiency, a condition known as pituitary dwarfism. However, clinical trials are under way to test its efficacy in Turner s syndrome, bums, wound healing, cachexia, osteoporosis, constitutional growth delay, aging, malnutrition, and obesity. 

Malnutrition can also cause secondary osteoporosis in persons with different deficiencies of substances such as calcium and vitamin D. Malnutrition due to starvation caused by most severe or terminal chronic diseases and malabsorption due to inflammatory bowel diseases (colitis, Mb Crohn) can give rise to rapidly diminishing bone tissue. 

Unlabeled Uses Hyperlipidemia, lung cancer, male contraception, malnutrition, postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren s syndrome, trauma/sur-... 

Calcium Malnutrition and Chronic Diseases Whilst calcium deficiency is considered an important contributory factor to common conditions such as osteoporosis and hyper-... 

Recently, Riggs et al. (1998) proposed a unitary model for involutional osteoporosis, in which estrogen deficiency plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease in both sexes. In addition, calcium malnutrition and calcium malabsorption as a consequence of hypovitaminosis D are considered to be of great significance in the development of osteoporosis (Barrett-Connor 1989, Bronner 1994, Heaney 2002). 

Antacids are used in die treatment of hyperacidity, such as heartburn, gastroesoph eal reflux, sour stomach, acid indigestion, and in the medical treatment of peptic ulcer. Many antacid preparations contain more than one ingredient. An additional use for aluminum carbonate is in die treatment of hyiDeqihosphatemia or for use widi a low phosphate diet to prevent formation of phosphate urinaiy ston. Clalcium carbonate may be used in treating calcium deficiency states such as menopausal osteoporosis. M nesium oxide may be used in the treatment of m nesium deficiencies or m nesium depletion from malnutrition, restricted diet, or alcoholism. 

A secondary carnitine deficiency due to accumulation of propionyl-CoA and increased concentration of acylcamitines is also common [13]. Superficial desquamation, alopecia, and corneal ulcerations similar to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome or acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome, typically associated with diarrhea, may be seen secondary to acute protein malnutrition or essential amino acid deficiency, especially isoleucine deficiency [34, 52-54]. Immune dysfunction has also been suggested with an increased risk for viral or bacterial infections, but good studies are lacking [34]. Chronic moniliasis has been described and reflects the effect of propionyl-CoA and methylmalonate on T-cell number and function [7], Finally, acute and chronic pancreatitis, osteopenia or osteoporosis, and ovarian failure may also occur the etiologies of which remain unclear [3, 7, 24, 34, 36,47, 55-59],... 

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