Involutional osteoporosis

RIGGS B L, KHOSLA s and MELTON L J, 111 (1998) A Unitary model for involutional osteoporosis estrogen deficiency causes both type 1 and type 11 osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Min Res 13, 16 i-l i. 

Recently, Riggs et al. (1998) proposed a unitary model for involutional osteoporosis, in which estrogen deficiency plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease in both sexes. In addition, calcium malnutrition and calcium malabsorption as a consequence of hypovitaminosis D are considered to be of great significance in the development of osteoporosis (Barrett-Connor 1989, Bronner 1994, Heaney 2002). 

Schacht, E. (1999). Rationale for treatment of involutional osteoporosis in women and for prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalddol. Calcif. Tissue Int. 65,317-327. 

Avenell A, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD, O Connell DL. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 CD000227. 

Involutional (primary) osteoporosis is the manifestation of a metabolic bone disease in which the amount of normally mineralized bone matrix in affected patients has been reduced to a level below that of the normal population of the same age and sex. The disease is certainly of multifactorial origin, since genetic (Seeman etal. 1989), mechanical (e.g.. Frost 1988), nutritional (e.g., Hegsted 1986), and hormonal factors (e.g., Melton and Riggs 1988) can cause the severe impairment of the bone remodeling process (Eriksen etal. 1994) which underlies the observed reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue that lead to an increased risk of fractures at typical sites of the skeleton (for a definition, see Anonymous 1993)... 

Type II, involutional or senile osteoporosis occurs later in life than type I, has a closer ratio between sexes, results in both trabecular and cortical bone loss and is related to increased PTH secretion (26). Under these circumstances, osteoporosis may essentially be a side-effect of IHPT or 2HPT (15.26,46-48). Type II osteoporosis is managed, therefore, by correcting the underlying cause of the HPT. 

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