Main Types of Plasticizers

In this book no prior knowledge of plastics is assumed. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the structure of plastics and it provides an insight to the way in which their unique structure affects their performance. There is a resume of the main types of plastics which are available. Chapter 2 deals with the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics under the general heading of deformation. The time dependent behaviour of the materials is introduced and simple design procedures are illustrated. Chapter 3 continues the discussion on properties but concentrates on fracture as caused by creep, fatigue and impact. The concepts of fracture mechanics are also introduced for reinforced and unreinforced plastics. 

There are two main types of plastics thermoplastics and thermosets. What is the difference between them What is each type of plastic used for Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be recycled successfully into new and interesting materials. Research the trade name Ecospun on the Internet. What is this material, what is it made from, and what is it used for ... 

Extrusion —summarized the main types of plastic employed, and subsequent sections of that chapter included relevant information about additives of various kinds. It is not appropriate here to consider the extrusion of the various materials in detail but some of the most important points linked with the finishes obtained are noted as follows ... 

Plastic polymers make up a high proportion of waste and the volume and range used is increasing dramatically. The two main types of plastic are thermoplastics which soften when heated and harden again when cooled and thermosets which harden by curing and cannot be remoulded. The six main plastics in municipal solid waste are, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In addition there are... 

Commercial plastics are typically prepared by mixing one or more polymers with a variety of additives in order to adjust and improve the properties and performance of the polymer. The main types of plastic additives are classified as follows 6... 

There are two main types of plastics, in terms of their response to heat ... 

TABLE 5.10 Main Types of Plastics Used in Equipment and Household Goods Manufacture... 

There are two main types of plastic materials, namely thermoplastics and thermosetting resins (or thermosets as they are often... 

Component Main types of plastics Weight in average car (kg)... 

The aim of this hook is to familiarise the reader with all aspects of plastic analysis, and it < overs the analysis of the main types of plastics now in use commercially. 

By the mid-1990s capacity for polyethylene production was about 50 000 000 t.p.a, much greater than for any other type of plastics material. Of this capacity about 40% was for HDPE, 36% for LDPE and about 24% for LLDPE. Since then considerable extra capacity has been or is in the course of being built but at the time of writing financial and economic problems around the world make an accurate assessment of effective capacity both difficult and academic. It is, however, appeirent that the capacity data above is not reflected in consumption of the three main types of material where usage of LLDPE is now of the same order as the other two materials. Some 75% of the HDPE and LLDPE produced is used for film applications and about 60% of HDPE for injection and blow moulding. 

There are three main types of filter viscous, dry and HEPA. Viscous filters are normally a coarse weave of glass, plastic or metal strands coated with oil. As the air passes through the filter, particles impact against the material and are held in the oil. The panels are normally washable and can be re-used after re-oiling. Viscous filters provide good general filtration for air inlet to buildings. 

The remainder of this chapter provides a summary overview on plastic materials. This section reviews different types of plastics. The descriptions are brief listing a few of their main characteristics. Details cannot be included since so many different formulations... 

The term fracture implies fragmentation of a solid body into two or more bodies under the action of stress. Two main types of fracture mode are observed in solids. The first is ductile fracture which is the failure of a material after it has undergone a considerable amount of plastic deformation. The other is brittle fracture which is the failure of a material without undergoing practically any plastic deformation. The type of failure which occurs depends largely on the nature of the material and its condition however, failure is also affected by... 

Four main types of glutamate receptor have been identified and cloned. These are the ionotropic receptors (NMDA and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole, AMP A, and kainate types) and a group of metabotropic receptors of which eight types have been discovered. The AMP A and kainate receptors are involved in fast excitatory transmission whereas the NMDA receptors mediate slower excitatory responses and play a more complex role in mediating synaptic plasticity. 

The method by which the plastic is brought to its final shape is also a means of differentiating the various types. Table XXI summarizes the main types of material for which printing is relevant at present. 

Nonmetallics such as plastics are finding increasing use in place of metals and alloys. These materials are also subject to failure due to fatigue and other types, such as impact, chemical attack, pressure, fire and joint failures. The main types of failure along with the causes and recommended design for joints are given in Table 1.20 and Figure 1.55. 

Plastics are weaker, softer, more resistant to chloride and HC1 less resistant to HNO3 and organic solvents compared with metals and their alloys. The two types of plastics are (i) thermoplastics and (ii) thermosetters. The main features of the two types are ... 

Although pheromone traps are now widely used for monitoring insect populations, the use of synthetic pheromones in control of insect pests by disruption of pheromone-mediated communication has been much slower to develop, at least in part because of the difficulties of formulation. There are three main types of formulation currently available - hollow fibres, plastic laminates and microcapsules. For several years, the UK Overseas... 

Fig. 9.2. Main types of (a) homopolymers and (b) heterochain synthetic polymers found in plastics (adapted from McNeill, 1991).

There are two main types of coldseal adhesive and these are based on natural latex or synthetic polymers. They differ from pressure-sensitive adhesives in that they stick only to themselves. They are applied to form dry but gummy adhesive layers on flexible plastic films or paper and can be subsequently sealed together by pressure alone to form wrappers for food items and especially for confectionery. 

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