Effect on capacity

The absolute pressure may have a significant effect on the vapor—Hquid equiHbrium. Generally, the lower the absolute pressure the more favorable the equiHbrium. This effect has been discussed for the styrene—ethylbenzene system (30). In a given column, increasing the pressure can increase the column capacity by increasing the capacity parameter (see eqs. 42 and 43). Selection of the economic pressure can be faciHtated by guidelines (89) that take into consideration the pressure effects on capacity and relative volatiHty. Low pressures are required for distillation involving heat-sensitive material. 

Earlier in the chapter, when the compression cycle was described, a portion of the indicator. Path 3-4, was referred to as the expansion portion of the cycle. The gas trapped in the clearance area expands and partly refills the cylinder taking away some of the capacity. The following equation reflects the expansion effect on capacity and is referred to as the theoretical volumetric efficiency Ev,. 

Strigle [82] reports that there is no broadly documented agreement of the surface tension effects on the capacity of packed beds. Eckert [24, 82] concluded that surface tension of a non-foaming liquid had no effect on capacity. 

For liquids of viscosity of 30 centipoise and lower, effect on capacity is small. For high iscosity select larger packing to reduce pressure drop, and cdso consult packing manufacturer. 

Using the expression introduced in Chapter 2 for the effect of pH on partition coefficient of an acid, it is possible to predict approximately the effect of pH on retention time since the effect of pH on partition coefficient will reflect its effects on capacity factor and in theory ... 

Temperature effect on capacity/25 mA constant current discharge to 0.9... 

For B (1 mg ml" ), cycled 50 times over a 195 day period, n]/2 = 53 cycles. Figure 2 shows the capacity of immunosorbent B above cycled 40 times over a period of 3 days. In this case no change in the capacity was observed as a function of cycle number. This model showed that antibody loading and time between cycles had a greater effect on capacity as a function of cycle number than process stream or elution solvent. However, every system is not expected to parallel this example. 

Pb02. -Pb02 ratio and its effect on capacity of positive plates... 

Clearly, it is not only the presence of water in the micropore system timt plays a role (as it is the case for the physisoiption capacity), but also in the rest of the pore system [137-139]. It has been verified that even in cases where water has a beneficial effect on capacity (e.g, CNCl [140]), kt will decrease for high water loading. Probably, the adsorbed water... 

High pressure drops have a two-fold effect on capacity and on displacement dewatering which often follows. It is best to consider these two effects separately. 

The interactive effect on capacity due to the discharge load and the extent of intermittency is shown in Fig. 8.11. It can be seen that the performance of a battery as a function of duty cycle can be significantly different at low and high discharge rates. Similarly, the performance as a function of discharge rate can be different depending on the duty cycle. 

Charge/Discharge Characteristics. Typical charge-discharge curves for a silver-iron battery of the type shown in Fig. 25.22 are given in Fig. 25.24. The electrolyte is KOFI of 1.31 specific gravity with 15 g/L LiOH added. The batteries can withstand several complete reversals without appreciable adverse effect on capacity. 

Additives such as methyl acetate (MA), toluene, and y-butyrolactone (GBL) have been studied for their effects on capacity and cycleabiUty [17, 129]. Only toluene improves both the initial capacity and cycleability owing to its capabiHty of forming a stable electrode/electrolyte interface [124, 129]. ImidazoHum salts, when introduced into the mixed DME-DOL electrolytes, are reported to improve the cycleability by enhancing the electrochemical reaction of polysulfides and improving the stability of the lithium negative electrode [122]. Addition of tetrabutylam-monium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPFg) into the electrolyte shows a comparable effect [113]. 

It can be concluded from these data that the floating voltage has no effect on capacity under these conditions, and the small loss experienced (average of 3% after about 2 years) can be ascribed to the lithium corrosion through the SEI. 

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