Minimal deviation

Dilution erf sample to minimize deviations from proportionality, 173, 174, 232... 

With the detailed forms in mind, a revised statement of the problem consists of finding a polynomial with minimal deviations from zero on the segment [—1,1] such that max [Pn(t) is minimal under the additional... 

For sake of comparison, in all studied cases, we run calculations for those geometries and basis sets with a FCI (or near FCI) available. The methods we deal with are CCSD, CAS-SDCI, (SC)2CAS-SDCI and ec-CCSD corrected from both CAS-SDCI and (SC) CAS-SDCI. The performance of the methods is examined from two aspects the total energy and the quality of the potential energy surface (PES), being this quality measured by the so-called non-parallelity error (NPE). For a given set of calculations in a dissociative curve, the NPE is defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal deviation from the exact FCI PES. 

Table 1 Calculations on HF with DZ+P basis. The total energies are reported as -(E + 99) hartree. Dimension should be understood as number of determinants (number of spin-adapted configurations in italics). NPE (non-parallelity error) is the difference between the maximal and minimal deviation from FCI...

The function of a die is to accept and control the available melt (extrudate) from an extruder and deliver it to downstream takeoff equipment as a shaped product (profile, film, sheet, pipe, filament, etc.). Target is to minimize deviation in cross-sectional dimensions, smooth surfaces, and a uniform output by weight at the fastest possible rate. In order to do this, the extruder must deliver melted plastic to the... 

In both chronic study types, exposures are designed to be as constant as possible with minimal deviation from the target or design concentrations. 

Setting up the initial force field is still largely a manual task. In particular when the reference set contains properties of energy minima, it is important that stmc-tures be reasonably accurate already before the parameter refinement is initiated. To achieve this, bond and angle ideal values and nonbonded parameters must be well estimated, whereas force constants, most torsional parameters, and crossterms can be entmsted to the automated refinement. Initial values must be set also for these, but it may be sufficient to use similar values from the existing force field. It is usually best to err on the high side with force constants, to minimize deviations from the reference values, and on the low side with torsional parameters and cross-terms, to avoid introduction of physically unrealistic distortions. 

Mesonephric duct remnants may be found in the deep wall of cervix specimens. Sometimes, hyperplasia may be pronounced and raise concern for minimal deviation type endocervical adenocarcinoma. Apical expression of CD 10 is common in these remnants, as is expression by the intraluminal secretions. CD 10, however, is not pathognomonic for mesonephric differentiation because some endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas may express CDIO. Minimal deviation type endocervical adenocarcinoma, however, lacks CDIO expression. Variable expression of pi6 is reported in mesonephric remnants and may lead to misinterpretation as endocervical adenocarcinoma however, MIBl is not increased. ER, PR, and CEA are generally negative. The immuno-phenotype is similar in mesonephric adenocarcinoma as well. " ... 

Diagnosis of minimal deviation endocervical adenocarcinoma can be challenging since the cytologic and architectural features of this tumor can be subtle. Robust forms of lobular or diffuse endocervical glandular hyperplasia or deep endocervical glands may mimic minimal deviation adenocarcinoma. A subtle type of endocervical... 

FIGURE 18.11 Minimal deviation endocervical adenocarcinoma consists of a deeply invasive, haphazardly infiltrative proliferation of bland endocervical glands that, in a small tissue sampling, may mimic endocervical glandular hyperplasia or mesonephric remnants (A). (H E.) Some cases may express CEA (B), which is not expressed by its benign mimics. 

Gilks CB, Young RH, Aguirre P, et al. Adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma) of the uterine cervix. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989 13 717-729. 

Xu JY, Hashi A, Kondo T, et al. Absence of human papillomavirus infection in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma and lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2005 24 296-302. 

Under open-loop conditions, adjust to minimize deviation from setpoint after a disturbance has had its steady-state effect on the process. Figure 15.55a shows the dynamic response of a feedforward controller for a step change in the disturbance based on initial feedforward controller settings and after A has been adjusted to eliminate offset. 

The resistive shunt is a calibrated resistor placed in the current path (Fig. 7.19.2). According to Ohm s law the voltage drop across the resistor is directly proportional to the current. Highly linear and stable resistors are used as shunts to minimize deviations from Ohm law. A differential amplifier supplies the signal for further processing. This method can be used to measure both direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac). 

The assignment to the monoclinic system was based not so much on the uncertain measures on the inclined facets of the laminae but on the accurate corrosion-figures (Baumhauer, 1874, 1875) measured on both light and dark micas and, above all, on the final ascertainment by Hintze in 1875 of minimal deviation of the perpendicularity of the acute bisectrix with respect to the lamina, that had been suspected previously (Rose 1844, Marignac 1847, Kenngott 1848, Miller 1852). After the studies of Baumhauer and of Hintze, the last word was written by Bauer in 1877 and by Tschermak in 1875-1877 who performed a series of measures on numerous specimens from various locations. 

Consequently, the RMR CCSD potential is almost parallel to the FCI potential. The so-called non-parallelism error (NPE) (34), defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal deviations from the exact FCI potential, is only about 0.23 mhartree (see also Section 5). Although the absolute differences between the RMR CCSD and FCI energies are further decreased when enlarging the (2,2) model space to (4,4), (particularly for a > 3 a.u.), this is not the case for the NPE. In all cases, however, we are within a 2 mhartree error, even for this very demanding model. 

As an overall measure of the quality of the shape of the computed potentials, two of the co-authors introduced the above mentioned non-parallelism error (NPE) (34), which is defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal deviations from the exact FCI potential. Clearly, NPE=0 when the computed potential differs from the FCI one by a constant shift. The NPE s of the computed potentials, given in Tables 1-5, are summarized in Table 6. We see that the CCSD and AL-CCSD NPE s, as well as the RMR CCSD and AL-RMR CCSD ones, are very similar, implying a similar quality of the resulting potentials. The RMR CCSD or AL-RMR CCSD NPE s are usually one order of magnitude smaller than the CCSD or AL-CCSD ones. For the H4 and H8 models, which are essentially two-reference cases, we indeed obtain similar results with either RMR CCSD or AL-RMR CCSD when using the (2,2) reference space. In the case of the S4 model and of the symmetric stretching of H2O, the AL-RMR CCSD potentials are slightly inferior to those obtained with RMR CCSD. However, the quality of the AL-RMR CCSD potentials improves when we employ a (4,4) reference space. 

Instrumental Factors. Unsatisfactory performance of an instrument may be caused by fluctuations in the power-supply voltage, an unstable light-source, or a nonlinear response of the detector-amplifier system. A double-beam system helps to minimize deviations due to these factors. In addition, the following instrumental sources of possible deviations should be understood ... 

Another crucial characteristic is that many chemical production processes are only cost-efficient if operated continuously. Continuously operated chemical production plants are expensive and complex technical systems. Typically they are optimized for operation at a specific conversion rate such that operational costs per output unit are minimized. Deviations from the optimal production rates typically cause additional operational costs stressing the small contribution margins. 

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