Lubrication lubricant selection

Tape may be made by a similar process. In this case the lubricant selected is a non-volatile oil. The preform is placed in the extruder and a rod extruded. The rod is then passed between a pair of calender rolls at about 60-80°C. The unsintered tape is often used for lapping wire and for making lapped tube. Sintering is carried out after fabrication. The current most important application of unsintered tape is in pipe-thread sealing. 

For industrial gears and circulating oils there is a specification published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, which expresses the viscosities corresponding to the AGMA Lubricant Numbers in Saybolt Universal Seconds only. The approximate viscosities in centistokes are provided in Table 52.4 for convenience. The recommendations in Tables 52.5 and 52.6 are intended as a guide for lubricant selection. 

Lubricants for general commercial systems are based on mineral oils, and the following properties are required of the lubricant selected ... 

Fuzes. A lubricant is expected to perform the jobs of minimizing friction, wear, and galling between sliding or rolling parts. It must do these jobs under two types of conditions (1) those which are inherent in the component element itself - such as load, speed, geometry, and frictional heat - and (2) those which are imposed from external sources -such as temp and compn of the surrounding atm, nuclear radiation, inactive storage, vibration, and mechanical shock. The imposed conditions are usually the more restrictive ones for lubricant selection... 

Abstract Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and their copolymers have excellent bulk physical/chemical properties, are inexpensive and easy to process. Yet they have not gained considerable importance as speciality materials due to their inert surface. Polyethylene in particular holds a unique status due to its excellent manufacturer- and user-friendly properties. Thus, special surface properties, which polyethylene does not possess, such as printability, hydrophilicity, roughness, lubricity, selective permeability and adhesion of micro-organisms, underscore the need for tailoring the surface of this valuable commodity polymer. The present article reviews some of the existing and emerging techniques of surface modification and characterisation of polyethylene. 

Many books have been published on the selection of lubricants for the numerous machine applications requiring their use. As stated above, it is not the objective of this entry to offer engineering advice on lubricant selection. However, owners and maintainers of equipment in process plants should have a basic understanding of the function of a lubricant. If a current lubricant fails to adequately serve these functions, changing the lubricant may be necessary in order to achieve the desired outcome. 

The reality for the practitioner and equipment maintainer is that the decision regarding the use of oil or grease and the application method is made well before the equipment reaches the plant floor. Still, for many reasons, lubricant selection and the method of application need to be changed or adjusted to best achieve reliability objectives. 

Lubricant Selection Lubricants are selected to best fit the changing demands from machinery and reliability expectations from users. 

Binder and/or lubricant selection depends on many considerations which are specific for the particular application. The additives must be compatible with the material to be agglomerated and the proposed uses of the product. For example, for pharmaceutical or food applications no toxic materials can be selected and for agglomeration of metal-bearing dusts intended for use in steel making sulfur-containing additives are normally prohibited. Many such limitations may be defined for specific materials and applications. 

Experiments determined the effect of lubricant selection and lubricating conditions on the tribological characteristics of porous bearings [39], using pure base oil, two fully formulated commercial engine oils and a few lubricating oils with... 

Thibault, R. (May 2001) Lubrication of worm gears. Machinery Lubrication Magazine. Lawrence, G.L., Jr. (January 2005) Lubrication selection for enclosed gear drives. Machinery Lubrication Magazine. 

Lansdown, A. R. (1982) Lubrication, a Practical Guide to Lubricant Selection, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 

Dispersion of fiiiers, pigments, fibers Various additive packages Improved processability of highly filled compounds Similar productivity advantages of internal lubricants Selection and use of processing-aid package complicated to determine... 

Lansown AR (2004) Lubrication and lubricant selection. Professional Engineering Pub., London Rudnick LR (2003) Lubricant additives chemistry and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York Zechel R, Lonsky P, Trautmann H et al (1991) Molykote . Dow Coming, Miinchen... 

Reference 12 provides detailed information on recommended lubricants and their maintenance procedures. Gear type, size, and speed, along with ambient temperature range, are major influencing factors on the proper lubricant selection. 

Chains can be lubricated with any neutral grade of straight mineral oil in the 20 to 50 viscosity range, depending on the temperature. For difficult operating conditions, such as high temperature or an abrasive atmosphere, consult a lubricant manufacturer for proper lubricant selection. 

Proper lubricant selection depends on the system needs and cost considerations. The final choice depends on the equipment design, operating conditions, and method of application, as well as health, safety, and environmental considerations. Whenever possible, these recommendations should be followed. In addition, most reputable oil suppliers keep in close contact with major equipment builders and are available to consult with users on lubricant selection. In addition, many PC software programs have recently become available that guide the user in making intelligent selections for specific equipment. 

Due to the high sliding contact encountered in enclosed worm and hypoid gears, lubricant selection for these should be considered separately from lubrication of other types of enclosed gears. 

Several PC software programs exkt to aid in lubricant selection to rednce wear, scuffing, and pitting of gear-tooth surfaces. See Specifications and Standards at the end of thk chapter. 

Lubrication, or lack of it, is a major concern in designing flat-top conveyor chains. Many flat-top chains must work with httle or no lubrication. When the chain must opaate with no lubrication, selecting materials for the top plates and tracks is extremely important. 

Lubrication and Lubricant Selection, 3rd Edition November 2003 Handbook of Surface Treatment and Coatings May 2003 Total Tribology - towards an integrated approach December 2002... 

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