Filled compounds

R. J. Boyce, Flame Ketardance in Mineral-Filled Compounds of CAMA.C Bulletin E-17762, Du Pont Polymers, Stow, Ohio, Jan. 1978. 

Mf and Mg stand for the Mooney viscosity of the fiber-filled compounds and gum compound... 

The operational-factor tests performed with A1 filled compounds in comparison with A2 filled compounds revealed higher predicted wear resistance and wet traction with the same level of rolling resistance. At the same time the graph of tan 8 versus temperature in Figure 17.6 shows that tan 8 is higher than that of the A2 compound at low temperatures (-20°C). 

With the modern ABS braking system contact temperatures are kept low, particularly on wet surfaces so that the log a v is relatively high and the silica-filled compound is superior to the standard black-filled one. With locked wheel braking the contact temperamres are high and log a-iv values are low, and the ranking of the braking performance of these two compounds reverses. 

Researchers [37] also compared the storage modulus of a 40 phr carbon black-filled compound and a 10 phr SWNT-NR nanocomposite. The different properties between carbon black- and SWNTs-filled NR nanocomposites can be explained in terms of two different filler morphology, particularly surface area, aspect ratio, and stmcture. It can be observed from Figure 28.22 that... 

FIGURE 30.19 Sampling along a mixing line for a silica-filled compound. 

Mixing Silica-Filled Compound Rubber Process Analyzer-Fourier Transform (RPA-FT) Results at 100°C Complex Modulus Dependence on Strain Fit Parameters of Equation 30.3... 

FIGURE 30.21 Mixing silica-filled compound overall cfianges in nonlinear viscoelastic character along the mixing fine. 

FIGURE 30.22 Mixing silica-filled compound Complex modulus versus strain amplitude as modeled with Equation 30.3 typical changes in nonlinear viscoelastic features along the mixing hne. 

FIGURE 30.23 Mixing silica-filled compound Total torque harmonic content (TTHC) versus strain amplitude observed behavior at selected position along the compounding fine. 

FIGURE 30.25 Mixing silica-filled compound singularity in harmonic content versus strain amplitude curves variation along the compounding line. 

FIGURE 30.26 Mixing silica-filled compound quarter cycle integrations of (average) torque signal variation of Q1/Q2 ratio along the compounding line. 

S. Wolff, Reinforcing and vulcanization effects of silane Si-69 in silica-filled compounds, Kautsch. Gummi, Kunstst., 34, 280-284, 1981. 

Therefore, it might be possible to formulate a compound which both conducts and has all the other advantages of the green tire by the incorporation of relatively small amounts of carbon nanotubes into the silica-filled compound. 

In the transition zone, EHL is still important, but as more water is removed, EHL at the microscale (MEHL) becomes more important, and when the water layer is reduced to molecular levels, another mechanism, BL takes over. Since BL is the main mechanism by which friction is generated in the overall skidding process, any material properties which increase the proportion of BL in the transition zone relative to EHL, i.e., accelerate the transition from EHL to BL, will have an impact on overall skid performance. As discussed above, modulus is an important factor in determining the rate of water removal in EHL. Eor MEHL, it is the modulus on the microscale at the worn surface of the tread that is critical. There is evidence that after a certain amount of normal wear, a significant part of the surface of silica-filled compounds is bare silica, whereas in black-filled compounds, the surface is fully covered by rubber.The difference in modulus between rubber and silica is very large, so even if only part of the worn surface is bare silica, it would make a significant impact on the... 

SE-BR has several outstanding properties. Above all it has improved processability. Carbon black-filled compounds based on commercial BR show the well known bagging and sagging effects on the batch-off mill (13) unless the BR is blended with NR or SBR. Figure 5 shows a compound based entirely on Ti-BR and containing 50 parts of carbon black, at various times on the roll mill. 

One of the characteristics of SE-BR and U-BR is the greatly increased tackiness of uncured carbon black-filled compounds, as compared with that of corresponding compounds based on the commercially available materials. We determined the tackiness ac-... 

The EDL system is modular and consists of two basic parts, a gas filled bulb and a power supply with waveguides or external electrodes. A typical EDL consists of a scaled (usually quartz) tube envelope, which contains an inert gas (such as a noble gas) and an excitable substance (e. g. Hg, Cd, Na, Ga, In, Tl, Sc, S, Se, or Te) [30]. The envelope material must be impermeable to gases, an electrical insulator, and chemically resistant to the filling compounds at the temperature of operation. 

Other additives such as silanes, titanates and zirconates are also used to overcome the processing characteristics of silica fillers. Silanes not only give improved processability of silica-filled compounds, but also provide improved crosslinks between the silica particle surface and the rubber molecular chains giving increased physical properties. The use of silane coupling agents at a... 

Properties Liquid Unsaturated elastomer flexible glass-filled compound Crystal... 

---