Lobelia species

Anabasine (3-(2-piperidinyl)-pyridine) from Mcotiana and Duboisia species (Solanaceae) is an nACh-R agonist used to discourage tobacco smoking as is the JV-methylated tricyclic piperidine (—)-lobeline from Lobelia species (Campanulaceae). Lobeline-related compounds from Lobelia species include the bicyclic jV methyltetrahydropyridines isolobinine and lobinine and the tricyclic jV-methylpiperidines lobelanine and lobelanidine. Anabasine-related compounds include anatabine (2-(3-pyridyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) from M tabacum and (+)-ammodendrine (jV-acetyltetrahydroanabasine) from Ammodendron and Sophora species (Fabaceae). 

In Chinese medicine related Lobelia species (e.g., L. chinensis Lour, and L. sessilifolia Lamb.) are also used, the former primarily for jaundice and sores, wounds, ringworm, snakebite and insect bites, and malaria while the latter is used as an expectorant and antitussive and in treating bronchitis, ulcerous sores, snakebites, and insect and dog bites. Both herbs also contain lobeline and related alkaloids. 

Several Lobelia species including L. inflata and L. chinensis (syn. L. radicans, Thunb.) have been used in cancers. ... 

In addition to lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp., other plant species of the genera Genista, Prosopis, Lobelia, Cytisus, Sophora, Pinus, Punica, Duboisia, Sedum, Withania, Carica, Hydrangea, Dichroa, Cassia, Ammondendron, Liparia, and Colidium contain potentially toxic and teratogenic piperidine alkaloids. Many plant species or varieties from these genera may be included in animal and human diets (Keeler and Crowe, 1984). 

One hundred and twenty samples of the family were tested representing 96 species several positive results were obtained from samples known from earlier reports to have been alkaloidal Campanula Carpathian, C. medium, Isotoma longifftra, Lobelia anceps, L. car-dinulix (2/2), L. clifforliana, Lfulgens, L inflata, /,. langeana (2/2). 

Lobelia s numerous species of annual and perennial flowers offer gardeners a broad array of plant heights and flower types. Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis), perhaps the best-known species, features spikes of brilliant red, 3-lobed flowers that hummingbirds find irresistible. Other species bear star-shaped blooms in shades of blue and lavender lobelias with red or bronze foliage are also available. Plants grow 2-5 tall with a spread of about 2. ... 

The plant or plants ealled Lobelia have a track record in the treatment of infectious diseases, including tetanus and blood poisoning. The Iroquois Indians used Lobelia syphilitica, as the scientific name implies, against venereal diseases, maybe even uterine cancer. In the Civil War the species Lobelia inflata was used variously as an enema and for snake, spider, and insect bites. 

Eleven Brazilian species of Lobelia were shown to have up to eight alkaloids which resembled those found in L. inflata. One species, L. nummularioides Cham., had no alkaloids in the examined sample 148). 

Piperidine alkaloids occur in only a few species of higher plants. However, (S)-pipecolic acid 3 [121] is widely distributed in higher plants, microorganisms and animals. Lobeline 4 is the main constituent of lobelia alkaloids (Lobelia inflata, Campanulaceae). It is a respiratory stimulant in mammals. Pi-perine 5 is the active ingredient in black pepper (Piper nigrum). On hydrolysis it furnishes piperic acid 6 and piperidine (hence its name) [122] ... 

Although no information on the safety of blue lobelia during pregnancy was identified, based on the similarity of this species to other species of Lobelia, use during pregnancy is not recommended unless under the supervision of a qualified healthcare practitioner. 

Inulln. A linear polymer of ca. 30 )S,2-1-linked fructose units. The chain is probably terminated by glu-cose (total content 2-3%) the Mr is ca. 5000. I. is found alone or together with starch as a reserve carbohydrate in dahlia bulbs, artichokes, topinambour tubers, chicory roots, dandelion roots, in the cells of Inula species, and other Asteraceae, but less frequently in related plant families (Campanulaceae, Lobelia-ceae). 

LobeHa aikdoids. Name for piperidine alkaloids from Lobelia inflata (Lobeliaceae) and some related species. 

Biological Activity of Tropane Alkaloids Distribution of Tropane Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Alkaloids from Piper Species Piperine Alkaloids Involving Condensation with Acetate/Malonate Sedum Alkaloids Lobelia Alkaloids Lycopodium Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids in Insects Polyketide-Derived Alkaloids Coniine... 

The biosynthesis, occurrence, and biological activities of piperidine alkaloids arising from lysine have been studied Punica granatum. Piper species, and Lobelia inflata). The isolation process, chromatographic purification/analysis, and structure elucidation of the significant alkaloids are discussed. 

While for developing of simple piperidine alkaloids, e.g., pelletierine (Punica granatum), piperine (Piper nigrum et longum), and lobeline (Lobelia inflata), only one molecule of lysine is necessary, for quinolizidine alkaloids - e.g., lupinine (Lupinus luteus), sparteine of antiarrhythmic activity (Sarothamnus scoparius), and cytisine of respiratory stimulant effect (Laburnum species) - two molecules of lysines are indispensable. It was also proved that lycopodine (Lycopodium tristachyum, clubmoss) of quinolizidine structure has no polyketide origin, but it is a modified dimer of pelletierine, which, in turn, is derivable from lysine and acetate. 

Lobelia inflata L. (Fig. 11.22) belongs to the order Campanulales and to the family Lobeliaceae. There are 400 species in Lobelia genus and 2 of them are native in Europe Lobelia dortmanna L. and Lobelia urens L.) [29]. The Lobelia can grow as a biennial but usually grows as an annual [30, 31]. 

Bowden WM (1959) Phylogenetic relationships of twenty-one species of Lobelia L. section Lobelia. Bui Torrey Bot Club 86 94-108... 

Sophora species [Leguminosae]) and the piperidine alkaloid lobeline (37) (from Lobelia inflata L. [Campanulaceae]), which have high affinity for 4p2 nAChRs lobeline also improves learning and is anxiolytic in vivo [137, 150, 151] (Scheme 42.9). Cytisine and derivatives may also be of therapeutic interest for PD (see Sect. 4). Huperzine A and tacrine hybrid structures (huprines) are also under investigation as nAChR agonists for AD, in addition to their documented ChE inhibitory and Mi mAChR agonistic properties [10] (see Sect. 2.2). 

In Mona Island, the herbaceous species Chamaesyce orbifolia Alain, the orchid Psychilis monensis Sauleda and the shrub Lobelia vivaldii Lammers Proctor were published by Liogier (1980), Sauleda (1988) and Lammers and Proctor (1994), respectively. 

Lammers, T.G. and Proctor, G.R., Lobelia vivaldii (Campanulaceae Lobelioideae) a remarkable new species of sect. Tylomium from Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico, Brittonia, 46, T13, 1994. 

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