Sarothamnus scoparius

Tominaga, T. and D. Dubourdieu. 1997. Identification of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one from the box tree (Buxus sempervirens L.) and broom (Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Koch.). Flavour and Fragrance J. 12 373-376. 

Essentially only lupanine (27) is accumulated in cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus,29,30 Sarothamnus scoparius,29 and Baptista australis,29,31 whereas the intact plants accumulate other alkaloids. It is reasonable to assume that the cultures will accumulate alkaloids early rather than late in a biosynthetic pathway. Thus lupanine (27) is identified as a likely intermediate in the biosynthesis of the other alkaloids of these plants. In the case of B. australis, these alkaloids are of the pyridone type, e.g. anagyrine (28) and cytisine (29).31 Earlier results with... 

Other isolation studies are summarized in Table l 2-7 five new alkaloids have been obtained this year. Cell suspension cultures of Baptisia australis, Lupinus polyphyllus, and Sarothamnus scoparius produce lower yields of alkaloids than the differentiated plants, with lupanine as the main component8 (cj Vol. 11, p. 63). Examination of the leaf alkaloids of B. australis by g.l.c. and by g.l.c.-m.s. resulted in the identification of eleven constituents, including two new alkaloids.2 The structures and the distribution of some quinolizidine alkaloids that may be used as systematic markers in the Leguminosae have now been supplemented by more recent data.9... 

Sarothamnus scoparius (Scotch/Irish broom) (Fabaceae)... 

A dibasic alkaloid obtained from scoparium, the dried tops of broom, Sarothamnus scoparius (= Cytisus scoparius) (Legumino-sae). 

Radioactive sparteine (II) was incorporated in good yield when lysine (2-14C) and cadaverine (l 5-i4C) were administered to L. luteus and Sarothamnus scoparius L. When the alkaloid was degraded by chromic oxide oxidation it gave succinic acid and a mixture of amino acids. The Schmidt degradation of the former generated carbon dioxide and ethylenediamine. The amino acid mixture contained jS-alanine and y-aminobutyric acid, which was further degraded to carbon dioxide and trimethy lenediamine. 

A new alkaloid of Sarothamnus scoparius seems to be the same dehydrosparteine obtained in transformation of lupin alkaloids by plant cell cultures and regarded as 11,12-dehydrosparteine (10)... 

Syn Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. ex W.D.J. Koch Spartium scoparium L. 

Schmalfuss, H., and A. Heider. 1931. Tyramine and hydroxy-tyramine, the blood-pressure-raising substances of the pod of the common broom Sarothamnus scoparius Wimm. Biochem. Z. 236 226-230. 

Seel, H. 1949. Pharmacological and clinical investigations on German medicinal plants. X. Sarothamnus scoparius Spartium scoparium) in the therapy of disturbances of the heart rhythm. Hippokrates 20 193-196. 

Brookswax P/P. See Emulsifying wax NF Broom (Cytisus scoparius) extract CAS 84696-48-0 EINECS/ELINCS 283-653-6 Synonyms Broom extract Cytisus scoparius Cytisus scoparius extract Sarothamnus scoparius extract Scotchbroom extract Definition Extract of the flowers of the broom, Cytisus scopanus Uses Tonic in cosmetics... 

Sarkosyi O. See Oleoyl sarcosine Sarothamnus scoparius extract. See Broom (Cytisus scoparius) extract Sarsaparilla extract Sarsaparilla root extract. See Sarsaparilla (Smilax aristolochiaefolia) extract... 

Quinolizidine alkaloids are derived from lysine. Studies with labeled precursors indicate that a symmetrical intermediate, cadaverine (20), is involved in their formation (Herbert, 1988 Kinghom and Balandrin, 1984 Leete, 1983 Spenser, 1985), although no intermediate comparable to the dimeric form plays a role in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is involved (Spenser, 1985). Much recent information is based on cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus, Baptisia australis, and Sarothamnus scoparius (all Faba-ceae). Lysine decarboxylase is localized in leaf chloroplasts (Wink 1987 Wink and Hartmann, 1982,1984) the presence of a diamine oxidase does not appear to be involved. Lysine decarboxylase is found in all parts of Lupinus plants. 

The major quinolizidine alkaloids are sparteine found Sarothamnus scoparius (Scotch broom) and greater celandine (Cheli-donium majus), and cytisine from lupins. Myrine comes from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in the Ericaceae family. 

While for developing of simple piperidine alkaloids, e.g., pelletierine (Punica granatum), piperine (Piper nigrum et longum), and lobeline (Lobelia inflata), only one molecule of lysine is necessary, for quinolizidine alkaloids - e.g., lupinine (Lupinus luteus), sparteine of antiarrhythmic activity (Sarothamnus scoparius), and cytisine of respiratory stimulant effect (Laburnum species) - two molecules of lysines are indispensable. It was also proved that lycopodine (Lycopodium tristachyum, clubmoss) of quinolizidine structure has no polyketide origin, but it is a modified dimer of pelletierine, which, in turn, is derivable from lysine and acetate. 

Source Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (syn. Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. S. vulgaris Wimm. Spar Hum scoparium L.) (Family Leguminosae or Fabaceae). 

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