Liver pathologies

Unconjugated (Indirect) Bilirubinemia Conjugated (Direct) Bilirubinemia 

Increased RBC turnover (hemolytic anemias) Biliary tract obstruction 

Physiologic (newborn babies) Biliary tract disease (PSC and PBC) 

Hereditary (Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes) Hereditary (Dubin-Johnson and Rotor s syndromes) 

In infants, increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin (lipid-soluble) may cross the blood-brain barrier and deposit in the basal ganglia, causing irreversible brain damage (kernicterus). 

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FIGURE 5.38 Pictorial presentation of the microscopic structure of the liver. The picture shows the classical liver lobulus. The functional acinus and its three zones are at the left. The acinal zones are marked by numbering them 1-3. These zones correspond to the direction of blood flow from the portal arteries (PA) to the terminal veins (TV). Zone I corresponds to the periportal area in classical liver pathology, zone 2, the interlobular region (midzone), and zone 3, centrelobular region. ... 

Allen, T. M., and Smuckler, E. A. (1985). Liver pathology accompanying chronic liposome administration in mouse. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 50. 281-290. 

Raldua D, Diez S, Bayona JM, Barcelo D (2007) Mercury levels and liver pathology in feral fish living in the vicinity of amercury cell chlor-alkali factory. Chemosphere 66 1217-1225... 

Fed diets containing 700 mg/kg ration for several months High mortality survivors had anemia, gastric ulcers, liver pathology, and 100-170 mg/kg FW in liver 15... 

Results of chronic feeding studies show that dietary concentrations of chlordane between 0.76 and 5 mg/kg ration did not affect survival but did produce adverse effects on various species of laboratory animals and livestock (Table 13.5). Dietary concentrations of 0.76 mg/kg (equivalent to 0.09 mg/kg BW daily) were associated with enlarged livers in mice, 1.0 mg/kg produced elevated residues in cow s milk, 2.5 mg/kg resulted in liver pathology in rats, 3 mg/kg (equivalent to 0.075 mg/kg BW daily) produced high residues in fat of dogs, and 5 mg/kg caused liver pathology in mice (Table 13.5). 

No tremors or convulsions however, dose-related liver pathology was noted (WHO 1984)... 

BW) 8 months Cholinesterase inhibition, duodenal ulcers, liver pathology 11... 

Decrease in weight gain moderate liver pathology gross accumulations of hepatic porphyrins and increased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity Decrease in weight gain comparatively small increase in liver weight... 

Decrease in weight gain mild liver pathology Largest increase in liver weight significant liver pathology... 

Fed diets of >100 or >1000 mg toxaphene/kg ration for 12 weeks Liver pathology at >100 mg/kg ration and central nervous system effects at >1000 mg/kg diet 7... 

Diffuse degenerative changes were observed in the livers of rabbits and mice exposed over 6 months at endrin concentrations of 15 mg/m3 (0.36 ppm) which caused death (Treon et al. 1955). Details of the liver pathology were not provided. 

A.M. Mosunov and A.V. Pozdnyakov used Enterosgel for acceleration of regression of hepato-depressive syndrome in patients with severe diffuse liver pathology, and reported shortened terms of disability of these patients from 29.4 3.8 to 18.3 2.4 days [81], A.B. Kaydulov and I.V. Vasilenko observed fast reduction of toxic and abstinent events as well as improved functional state of the Uver and decreased requirement for transfusion therapy in patients with alcoholic intoxication and in patients with abstinence syndrome of moderate severity, treated with Enterosgel [82]. 

Mosunov A, Pozdnyakov A (1999) Chnical study of the efficacy of Enterosgel preparation in diffuse liver pathology accompanied by hepato-depressive syndrome. In Proceedings of the Conference Enterosgel and Enterosorption technology in Medicine , Novosibirsk - Moscow (In Russian), pp 15-18... 

Hepatic Effects. No hepatic effects were reported in humans from exposure to low doses of diazinon by any route. Hepatic effects reported in human studies were associated with acute high levels of diazinon such as are found in suicide attempts (Limaye 1966). The acute- and intermediate-duration oral exposure to diazinon in animals reduced the activity of a variety of hepatic enzymes (Anthony et al. 1986 Mihara et al. 1981). Liver pathology has also been observed in animals following chronic oral exposure to diazinon. The pathological changes reported in one study included fatty infdtrations, parenchymal atrophy,... 

Kimbrough RD, Korver MP, Burse VW, et al. 1980. The effect of different diets or mineral oil on liver pathology and polybrominated biphenyl concentration in tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 52 442-453. 

Wynn, T.A., Cheever, A.W., Williams, M.E., Hieny, S., Caspar, P., Kuhn, R., Muller, W. and Sher, A. (1998) IL-10 regulates liver pathology in acute murine Schistosomiasis mansoni but is not required for immune down-modulation of chronic disease. The Journal of Immunology 1 60, 4473 1480. 

J. H. (2004) Involvement of TNF in limiting liver pathology and promoting parasite survival during schistosome infection. International journal for Parasitology 34, 27-36. 

Daly, T. M. et al. (1999b). Neonatal intramuscular injection with recombinant adeno-associated virus results in prolonged beta-glucuronidase expression in situ and correction of liver pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mice. Hum. Gene Ther. 10(1), 85-94. 

Cohen, C. Liver pathology in hycanthone hepatitis. Gastero-enterology, 1978 75 103-106... 

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