List of test methods

AMD 1 Eire hazard testing. Part 2 Test methods. Needle-flame test (AMD 9176J dated 15 November 1996. Previously known as BS 6458 Section 2.2 1993 Eire hazard testing. Terminology concerning fire tests. Superseded BS 6458 Part 1 1990 Elammability of solid non-metallic materials when exposed to flame sources - List of test methods. Superseded BS 6334 1983... 

The overall method includes sample collection and storage, extraction, and analysis steps. Sampling strategy is an important step in the overall process. Care must be taken to assure that the samples collected are representative of the environmental medium and that they are collected without contamination. There is an extensive list of test methods for water analysis (Tables 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4), which includes numerous modifications of the original methods, but most involve alternative extraction methods developed to improve overall method performance for the analysis. Solvent extraction methods with hexane are also in use. 

Fixed scope parts are given by lists of test methods. Flexible parts are indicated by reference of type of tests. The rules of the accreditation body require the competence in a minimum number of testing methods for the accreditation of types of tests . 

The expected forms of corrosion can be anticipated once the water chemistry, operating conditions, materials of construction, and system layout are deBned. A corrosion test matrix can be designed by determining the expected forms of corrosion. Some of the common forms of corrosion found in freshwater systems are described in the chapter on Freshwater Testing in Section V of this manual. A list of test methods is presented in this chapter. The following section describes the applicability and significance of these standardized tests. 

See Table 2 in the front of this manual for a list of test methods by subject. 

List of test method standards commonly quoted by manufacturers for their products. 

List of Test Method Standards Key to Data Sheets and Properties... 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has introduced a number of test methods relating to protective clothing. For example, the ASTM F23 Committee on Protective Clothing has devised protocols for measuring chemical resistance of materials. There are not however, any comprehensive standards which list a minimum number of tests or chemicals to evaluate materials. 

The chemical and physical requirements of the fuel shall conform to those listed in Table I, when tested in accordance with the applicable tests. Requirements contained herein are absolute and are not subject to correction for tolerance of test methods. However, if multiple determinations are made, average results shall be used... 

The United States Pharmacopeia defines a number of test methods that define the USP grade of racemic mandelic acid [15]. The USP does not list any methods or specifications to differentiate the racemic substance from its resolved enantiomers. 

In contrast to the list of prediction methods that can be constructed from the literature on extrapolation of known mixtures, there is no specific technique that can be applied in practice as a method for mixture extrapolation for mixtures of unknown composition. Even if one has data (e.g., from a large series of WET observations at a certain location), the use of any extrapolation approach to predict the toxicity of a new WET test for that location may be inappropriate, especially when the situation of concern is unpredictable. 

There are literally hundreds of test methods to evaluate material flammability and this chapter can only scratch the surface. The intent was to identify and describe the different aspects of material flammability and to illustrate how they can be measured. Several commonly used flammability tests not covered in this chapter are described elsewhere in the book. For example, Chapter 24 addresses flammability testing of textiles. The reader is referred to the end of this chapter for a short list of more comprehensive surveys of flammability tests. 

It may also be necessary to test the incoming bulk materials in-house. These inspections usually consist of an evaluation of physical and chemical properties, such as color, viscosity, percentage of solids, weight per gallon, and moisture content. The tests should be those that can quickly and accurately detect deficiencies in the materials physical or chemical properties or differences from lot to lot. ASTM lists various test methods that are commonly used for acceptance of raw materials. Several of the more common test methods are described in Chap. 20. 

The list below is a summary of test methods that are most likely to be required during the testing of most common dosage forms (tablets, capsules, and solutions). The list is by no means an exhaustive (since test methods to determine moisture content, pH, sterility, particulate matter, and microbial testing are not listed) and the selection of test methods depends on an evaluation of a dosage form and also on the phase of drug development. For each type of test, most common techniques utilized are listed in square brackets. As can be seen, HPLC can be employed for aU of the following test methods. 

Fixed scope with footnotes to measure principle column, which indicate that no modification of the list of accredited methods allowed and flexible scope with footnotes ( Optimization of given test methods allowed (adaptation to clients needs, new editions of test standards) , or, Development of additional test methods within the accredited types of tests allowed ) to measure principle column, which indicate flexibility levels after fixed scope. 

Nordtest has analysed and developed test methods for over 20 years and presently there are over 1250 Nordtest methods in 15 different technical areas. More than 520 of these methods have been developed in Nordtest projects while the rest are adopted and recommended for use by Nordtest. All test methods are listed in the Nordtest Register of Test Methods [1], Requirements for test methods as well as the way they are developed are ever-... 

Specifications for excipients Pharmacopoeia copy of the monograph, test methods referenced Additional specifications Non-pharmacopoeia list of tests and for each excipient, including solvents, liquids to adjust pH, coatings, capsule shell, and inked imprint (on the dosage form), description of test methods, microbiological limits, colours EU/FDA/Japan ... 

To assure drug quality, various countries have published texts commonly called compendia or pharmacopoeias that list official test methods as well as specifications for commonly used drug products. Three notable examples of such compendia are the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia, and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Compendial methods should be implemented as written except where scientifically justified changes are necessary. Although considerable efforts are ongoing to standardize pharmacopoeias, differences may exist between the USP and other pharmacopoeias. In these instances, testing should be done in accordance with the procedures... 

A list of all methods to be transferred via comparative testing. Rationale for any methods not included, i.e., transfer waiver, must also be provided. 

When experimental data are sought, the EPA regulates testing methods. A list of approved methods and their descriptions is available at the Technology Transfer Network Emission Measurement Center (http //www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/tmethods.html). 

If the basic assessment or other results indicate an explosion risk, a variety of test methods is available to verify and characterize this substance property. If a positive verification is obtained, this result has to be notified immediately to a special national agency, which is uniquely authorized to carry out certified testing. Some agencies are listed below ... 

Evaluation of chemical resistance may establish the potential for extraction of plasticizer incorporated in the material as well as an effect of plasticizer on durability of tested material. The standard contains information on testing chemical resistance with 50 test liquids using two methods immersion test and test under mechanical stress. The list of test liquids includes white oil which may be regarded as the only example of plasticizer among test liquids. Samples of known dimensions and weights are immersed in selected liquids for 168 h at room temperature. Containers are stirred every 24 h. Changes in appearance are recorded and samples can be subjected to mechanical property testing. Tensile properties of immersed samples are most frequently compared with control samples but other mechanical tests may also be used. 

Several kinds of leaching test methods are provided in the Netherlands from the viewpoint that the single batch leaching test shows one side of the elution behavior of the waste. Because the behavior of elution for powdery samples is different from those for a molded body, the leaching tests are different depending on the form of each sample. In addition, three kinds of test methods for the powdery waste are prepared to investigate the time dependency of dissolution behavior, as listed in Table 4. 

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