Mixing liquid

As a first stage, the stream of liquid from an HPLC eluant is passed through a narrow tube toward the LINC interface. Near the end of the tube, the liquid stream is injected with helium gas so that it leaves the end of the tube as a high-velocity spray of small drops of liquid mixed with helium. From there, the mixture enters an evacuation chamber (Figure 12.1). The formation of spray (nebulizing) is very similar to that occurring in the action of aerosol spray cans (see Chapter 19). 

Gas-liquid mixing Gassliquid transfer Gas mantles Gas, manufactured... 

Subsection B This subsection contains rules pertaining to the methods of fabrication of pressure vessels. Part UW is applicable to welded vessels. Service restric tions are defined. Lethal service is for lethal substances, which are defined as poisonous gases or liquids of such a nature that a very small amount of the gas or the vapor of the liquid mixed or unmixed with air is dangerous to life when inhaled. It is stated that it is the user s responsibility to advise the designer or manufacturer if the service is lethal. All vessels in lethal service shall have all butt-welded joints fully radiographed, and when practical, joints shall be butt-welded. All vessels fabricated of carbon or low-aUoy steel shall be postweld-heat-treated. 

Ejfects of Gas and Liquid Mixing As noted previously, it is necessary in most instances to convert point efficiency E g to Murphree plate efficiency E, ,. This is true because of incomplete mixing only in small laboratoiy or pilot-plant columns, under special conditions, is the assumption E g = E, , likely to be valid. For a crossflow plate with no hquid mixing there is plug flow of hquid. For this condition of liquid flow, Lewis [Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 399 (1936)] analyzed effects of gas mixing on efficiency. He considered three cases ... 

As in progressive freezing, many refinements of these models have been developed. Corrections for partial liquid mixing and a variable distribution coefficient have been summarized in detail (Zief and Wilcox, op. cit., p. 47). 

Device kia, s V, m kioV, mVs (duty) a, m Liquid mixing Gas mixing Power per unit volume, kW/m ... 

An example of liquid/liquid mixing is emulsion polymerization, where droplet size can be the most important parameter influencing product quality. Particle size is determined by impeller tip speed. If coalescence is prevented and the system stability is satisfactory, this will determine the ultimate particle size. However, if the dispersion being produced in the mixer is used as an intermediate step to carry out a liquid/liquid extraction and the emulsion must be settled out again, a dynamic dispersion is produced. Maximum shear stress by the impeller then determines the average shear rate and the overall average particle size in the mixer. 

Three basic fluid contacting patterns describe the majority of gas-liquid mixing operations. These are (1) mixed gas/mixed liquid - a stirred tank with continuous in and out gas and liquid flow (2) mixed gas/batch mixed liquid - a stirred tank with continuous in and out gas flow only (3) concurrent plug flow of gas and liquid - an inline mixer with continuous in and out flow. For these cases the material balance/rate expressions and resulting performance equations can be formalized as ... 

With powder activated earbon, in most cases, the carbon is dosed into the liquid, mixed and then removed by a filtration process. In some cases, two or more mixing steps are used to optimise the use of powder carbon. Powder activated carbon is used in a wide range of liquid phase applications and some specific gas phase applications such as Incinerator flue gas treatment and where it is bonded into filters sueh as fabrics for personnel protection. 

Source Holland, F. A., and Chapman, F. S. Liquid Mixing and Processing in Stirred Tanks,... 

Holland, F.A. and Chapman, F.S., 1966. Liquid mixing and processing in stirred tanks. New York Reinhold. 

Jones, A.G., Hostomsky, J. and Zhou Li, 1992a. On the effect of liquid mixing rate on primary crystal size during the gas-liquid precipitation of calcium carbonate. Chemical Engineering Science, 47, 3817-3824. 

The term gas processing is used to refer to the removing of ethane, propane, butane, and heavier components from a gas stream. They may be fractionated and sold as pure components, or they may be combined and sold as a natural gas liquids mix, or NGL. 

Figure 5-24C. Gas-liquid mixing is more complete when concentric draft tubes are used to recirculate gases. By permission, Weber, A. R, Chem. Engr., Oct. 1953, p. 183 [23].

Figure 5-36A. Liquid mixing jets. By permission, Ketema, Schutte and Koerting Div.

Figure 5-40. Liquid mixing heat transfer. Compiled by permission from References 3, 5, 6, and 22.

Dunlap, J. R. Jr., and J. IT. Rushton, Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Liquid Mixing Using Vertical-Tube Baffles, A-I.Ch.E. Symposium Series No. 5, Vol. 49, 1953, 137. 

DESUPERHEATER LIQUID MIXING EDUCTOR FUME SCRUBBER... 

Figure 8-31. Typical effect of liquid mixing on tray efficiency. Reprinted by permission, Sakato, M., The American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Chem. Eng. Prog. V. 62., No. 11 (1966), p. 98, all rights reserved reprinted by permission from Lewis, W. K., Jr., Ind. Eng. Chem. V. 28. (1936), p. 399, and by special permission from Fractionation Research, Inc., all rights reserved.

Methods of limiting oil accumulation in the evaporator depend on the ease with which the liquids mix, and their densities. These properties (see Table 5.1) indicate that different problems exist... 

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