Liquid color mixing

Sixty grams of ammonium acetate and 40g of sodium nitrite are added to 50ml of water the stirred mixture is carefully warmed to 25-30°C. When solution is complete, the clear, rather viscous liquid is mixed well with the am-moniacal nickel solution and allowed to stand at room temperature. Precipitation of the red complex, which soon begins, is complete after about one hour. When the preparation has stood overnight, the faintly-colored viscous mother liquor is carefully decanted and the salt is brought onto the filter with 95% alcohol. It is washed with 50ml more of the solvent (both sodium nitrite and ammonium acetate are soluble) and dried in air. 

To 50 c.c. of the turbid liquid are added 50 c.c. of solution (c), the mixture being filtered. 10 c.c. of the liquid thus obtained are poured into a dish and immediately treated with 20 c.c. of solution (a), the liquid being mixed, poured into a cylinder of similar dimensions to those used for the standard solutions and mixed with 70 c.c. of distilled water. Comparison of the coloration thus obtained with the standard colour solutions gives the amount of nitre in the liquid and consequently in the substance tested. 

Volatile Liquid Color Observed in Discharge Gas Mixed w/ Air... 

Mix the formulated colorants with the appropriate additives and liquid binder to produce a liquid color or paste. 

Another injection point, which can be used with either extrusion of molding, is before the die or nozzle. A static mixer can be added that mixes the liquid color into the melt. The mixer has a series of channels that split and recombine the melt stream, giving good distributive mixing. Usually, the further downstream a liquid is added to a natural resin, the less chance there is of separation. This may require high pressure pumping to assure the liquid enters the melt stream which is under... 

Another device often used with liquid color is the intermixer (see Fig. 20.3.). An intermixer is installed between the resin hopper and throat of an injection molder or extruder. The main parts of an intermixer are a mixing chamber and a motor-driven impeller. One end of the chamber is usually transparent, so the mixing process is visible. The resin falls into the chamber of the intermixer from the top, and liquid color is pumped into the chamber from the side. The impeller turns at a rate of about 60rpm and distributes the liquid color uniformly on the surfaces of the resin pellets. 

Figure 20.4 gives an indication of why given coloring methods are effective at different letdown ratios. Liquid color coats each pellet, particularly if an intermixer has been used. No further time or energy is needed to distribute the material to the pellet level. The limitation in use of liquid color is at high letdown ratios. Too much carrier can lubricate too much. Also, if there is an excess of liquid color, it can separate out to some extent, particularly if mixed resin and color are allowed to sit in a stopped extruder. 

Briefly, the term incompatibility refers to the formation of a precipitate (or sediment) or phase separation when two liquids are mixed. The term instability is often used in reference to the formation of color, sediment, or gum in the fiquid over a period of time. This term may be used to contrast the formation of a precipitate in the near term (almost immediately). However, the terms are often used interchangeably. 

Sulfuric acid (sul-FUR-ik AS-id) is a colorless to dark brown, dense, oily liquid that mixes completely with water. Its color depends on its purity, with compounds of sulfur adding a darker color to the colorless pure product. Sulfuric acid is also available in a form known as fuming sulfuric acid, a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid with the chemical formula xH2S04-yS03. Sulfuric acid is the most commonly manufactured chemical in the world. In 2004, the chemical industry produced 37,515,000 metric tons (41,266,000 short tons), of which more than half was used in the manufacture of fertilizers. 

In a stirred reactor, it takes time for liquid added at the surface or at any point in the tank to become blended with the bulk of the liquid. The mixing process can be followed by observing the color change after a basic solution with an indicator is neutralized by suddenly adding a slight excess of acid. If this test is done in a 2-liter vessel, most of the solution will appear free of base in less than a second, but wisps of color may persist for 2-3 seconds until the mixing is complete. If the same test is carried out in a 5000-liter... 

Liquid colorants can create problems in extrusion such as solids conveying problems. This can be avoided by using a porous carrier resin. Several resin suppliers (e.g., DSM, Akzo, Montell) now have porous carriers for use with liquid additives these can be colorants or other additives, such as antioxidants, peroxides, silanes, etc. Mixing can further be improved by starve feeding the extruder as discussed in Section 11.3.4.2.5. 

Colorants Pigments, liquid colours, colour pastes, dyestuffs, special effects Virtually unlimited, added as powders or liquids easier mixing, replacement of heavy metals... 

Mixing Liquids. Carriers like mineral oil and plastisol are typical. Mineral oil is used in a variety of liquid color application. Plastisols find use in calendered and slush-molded PVC applications. The process provides good mixing but a low level of dispersion. Some of these blends are suitable for end-use appHcations. Most are milled to provide a higher quality of dispersion. 

On the liquid side, the color is let down in the feed section just above the screw or is introduced directly into the barrel. Here it quickly mixes with the polymer as it starts to soften. The liquid color is metered at a specified feed rate. This rate can be adjusted if required. 

Chemical Designations — Synonyms Amyl Acetate, Mixed Isomers Pentyl Acetates Chemical Formula CH3COOC5H,. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless to yellow Odor Pleasant banana-like mild characteristic banana- or pear-like odor Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15"C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 130.19 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 295, 146, 419 Freezing Point <-148, <-100, <173 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 0.876 at 20"C (liquid) Vapor (Gas) Density Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization 140, 75, 3.1 Heat of Combustion -13,360, -7423, -310.8 Heat of... 

In a shaker, mix all the liquid ingredients except sour mix and Coke shake and pour into a 12-ounce glass with ice. Fill the glass to /2 inch from the top with sour mix. Add Coke until the drink is the color of weak iced tea. Garnish with a lemon wedge. 

---