Liquid stream blending

Before nitration starts, the nitrator is filled with spent add up to the level of the overflow (5). The water inlet to the cooling coils is opened, the stirrer is set in motion, and through pipes (5) and (7) fresh mixed acid is introduced to be carried off with the stream of liquid and blended with the spent acid. Mixing takes place without any notable thermal effect. Part of the liquid is recirculated via the pipe (8) and part is run through the overflow (5) to a separator. Glycerine enters through the... 

Two liquid streams are flowing at constant rates into a blender. One is benzene, which flows at a measured rate of 20.0 L/min, and the other is toluene. The blended mixture enters a storage tank (inner diameter = 5.5 m) equipped with a sight gauge. During an interval in which no liquid leaves the storage tank, the liquid level in the tank is observed to increase by 0.15 meters over a one-hour period. Calculate the flow rate of toluene into the blender (L/min) and the composition of the tank contents (wl% benzene). 

Three examples of simple multivariable control problems are shown in Fig. 8-40. The in-line blending system blends pure components A and B to produce a product stream with flow rate w and mass fraction of A, x. Adjusting either inlet flow rate or Wg affects both of the controlled variables andi. For the pH neutrahzation process in Figure 8-40(Z ), liquid level h and the pH of the exit stream are to be controlled by adjusting the acid and base flow rates and w>b. Each of the manipulated variables affects both of the controlled variables. Thus, both the blending system and the pH neutralization process are said to exhibit strong process interacHons. In contrast, the process interactions for the gas-liquid separator in Fig. 8-40(c) are not as strong because one manipulated variable, liquid flow rate L, has only a small and indirec t effect on one controlled variable, pressure P. 

Claus A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams by the catalyzed reaction with sulfur dioxide, producing elementary sulfur. The process has two stages in the first, one third of the hydrogen sulfide is oxidized with air to produce sulfur dioxide in the second, this sulfur dioxide stream is blended with the remainder of the hydrogen sulfide stream and passed over an iron oxide catalyst at approximately 300°C. The resulting sulfur vapor is condensed to liquid sulfur. 

As previously mentioned, fertilizer manufacturing may create problems within all environmental media, that is, air pollution, water pollution, and solid wastes disposal difficulties. In particular, the liquid waste effluents generated from phosphate and mixed and blend fertilizer production streams originate from a variety of sources and may be summarized [17,27] as follows (a) ammonia-bearing wastes from ammonia production (b) ammonium salts such as... 

Mixed fertilizer (subcategory G) treatment technology consists of a closed-loop contaminated water system, which includes a retention pond to settle suspended solids. The water is then recycled back to the system. There are no liquid waste streams associated with the blend fertilizer (subcategory G) process, except when liquid air scrubbers are used to prevent air pollution. Dry removals of air pollutants prevent a wastewater stream from being formed. 

Physical Form. Liquids, yellow to light brown in color. All fuel oils consist of complex mixmres of aliphatic (80-90%) and aromatic (10-20%) hydrocarbons. They may be classified as either a distillate fuel or a residual fuel, depending on the method of production. Fuel oils no. 1 and 2 are distillate fuels that consist of distilled process streams. Residual fuels such as fuel oil no. 4 are residues remaining after distillation or cracking or blends of such residuals with distillates. ... 

The Landmark diatomite material is treated and processed to a purity and grade that will collect angstrom-sized particles. According to the vendor, because of the diversity and shapes of the diatoms, different blends may be formulated to filter out almost any kind of material from a liquid including heavy metals, organics, and radionuclides from low-level waste streams of nuclear installations. 

One way to utilize a stabilizer Is illustrated In Figure 5, which is simply the Figure 4 process with the liquids from K and 4 diverted to a stabilizer. The stabilizer could be either refluxed or cold-feed, as a further variation. This process reduces the recycle load significantly in the two lower compression stages, as compared to the previous processes. This process also provides an additional control for the crude oil vapor pressure which can be independently varied, since the fractionator split can be controlled and the fractionator bottom product is blended with the crude stream. It may be desirable to blend this stream into separator 1... 

The heavy vacuum bottoms stream is fed to a Flexicoking unit. This is a commercial (125,126) petroleum process that employs circulating fluidized beds at low (0.3 MPa (50 psi)) pressures and intermediate temperatures, ie, 480—650°C in the coker and 815—980°C in the gasifier, to produce high yields of liquids or gases from organic material present in the feed. Residual carbon is rejected with the ash from the gasifier fluidized bed. The total liquid product is a blend of streams from liquefaction and the Flexicoker. 

Methane reforming units receive methane-rich gas from a cryogenic product recovery facility and subject the gas to partial oxidation. Some of the carbon dioxide content is removed and the gas recycled to the reactors. Once liquids are recovered, the stream goes to essentially conventional refining units. The plant s production is primarily transport fuels. Most of the gasoline production is currently sold to other refineries for blending with their stocks, but a portion of the product is marketed directly to consumers. 

Drying. Liquid base soap is dried from a 30% water liquid form to a solid of about 15% water content. If desired, some minor ingredients may be blended into the soap stream prior to drying. Methods of drying used m common practice are (1) chip drying, (2) atmospheric flash drying, and (3) vacuum flash drying. 

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