Salts, liquid

Woodcock L V 1971. Isothermal Molecular Dynamics Calculations for Liquid Salts. Chemical Phi, Letters 10 257-261. 

Caustic liquid, Salt-free 20% (steel tube) 3-8 0.0005 ... 

Room-temperature ionic liquids, salts with A,A-dialkylimidazolium cations in synthesis and catalysis 99CRV2071. 

Despite the utility of chloroaluminate systems as combinations of solvent and catalysts in electrophilic reactions, subsequent research on the development of newer ionic liquid compositions focused largely on the creation of liquid salts that were water-stable [4], To this end, new ionic liquids that incorporated tetrafiuoroborate, hexafiuorophosphate, and bis (trifiuoromethyl) sulfonamide anions were introduced. While these new anions generally imparted a high degree of water-stability to the ionic liquid, the functional capacity inherent in the IL due to the chloroaluminate anion was lost. Nevertheless, it is these water-stable ionic liquids that have become the de rigueur choices as solvents for contemporary studies of reactions and processes in these media [5],... 

Reduction in cation symmetry (ideally to Cl) lowers the freezing point and markedly expands the range of room-temperature liquid salts. Table 3.1-4 shows the effect of symmetry for a series of [NR4]X salts, in which all the cations contain 20 carbon atoms in the allcyl substituents [44]. 

The use of liquid salts, based on anodi-cally stable cations such as 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium (Dmpi) without added solvent, allows the investigation of the electrochemical stability of anions [75],... 

The possibility of measuring the Volta potential in the system metal-solid-state electrolyte and using the data obtained to determine ionic components of the free lattice energy has been shown in our papers. Earlier, Copeland and Seifert measured the Volta potential between Ag and solid AgNOj in the temperature range between 190 and 280 °C. They investigated the potential jump during the phase transition from solid to liquid salt. 

Steel belts are used to transport rubber profiles through the liquid salt medium in the LCM (liquid cure medium) baths. These belts, either used singly or in multiples are often used in conjunction with chain driven roller systems. Steel belts, in the high temperatures of a LCM medium expand considerably, and the multiple belt system helps to overcome this problem to some degree, by allowing easy adjustment for overall length. The belts used in these systems are customised to the particular equipment and normally can only be sourced from the original equipment manufacturer. 

Intrinsic volume is the hypothetical molar volume of the liquid salt at the temperature in question. 

Values of molar volumes can be calculated from densities measured for the liquid salt, or can be calculated as for hypothetical subcooled liquid at 298.15 K using the group contribution method [47]. As expected, the molar volumes of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts and quaternary ammonium salts increase progressively as the length of alkyl chain of the substituent increases. Some molar volumes values at 298.15 K are listed in Table 1.3. 

Holbrey, J.D., Reichert, W.M., and Rogers, R.D., Crystal structures of imidazo-lium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid salts The first organic salt with a ds-TFSI anion conformation, Dalton Trans., 2267-2271,2004. 

Umebayashi, Y, Fujimori, T., Sukizaki, T., Asada, M., Fujii, K., Kanzaki, R., and Ishiguro, S.-L, Evidence of conformational equilibrium of l-ethyl-3-methylimi-dazolium in its ionic liquid salts Raman spectroscopic study and quantum chemical calculations, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109,8976-8982,2005. 

Reaction improvement by using ionic liquid salts ... 

Thiocyanic, HCNS.—Unstable liquid salts are decomposed when heated. 

When the amino ketone 1 was heated at 150-160°C for 15 minutes with the constant boiling liquid salt "trimethylammonium formate (TMAF, 5HCOOH.2NMe3), two products were obtained, the major of which (58%) was shown to be 2. 

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