Trimethylammonium formate

When the amino ketone 1 was heated at 150-160°C for 15 minutes with the constant boiling liquid salt "trimethylammonium formate (TMAF, 5HCOOH.2NMe3), two products were obtained, the major of which (58%) was shown to be 2. 

Iriniethoxyborohydridc. Stannous bromide. Stannous chloride. Teltamethylammonium borohydride. Thioglycolic acid. Tin. Titanium tetrachloride. Tri-/-butylaluminum. Tri-n-butyltin hydride. Triethylene glycol (see Zinc). Triethyl phosphite. Trimethylamine borane. Trimethylammonium formate. Trimethylsilane (indirect). Triphenyltin hydride. Tris-(tripbenylphosphine)chlor(X hodium. Zinc. Zinc amalgam. Zinc-Copper couple. Zinc hydrosulfide. 

Trimethylammonium formate (Trimethylamine formate) [1, 1231], Supplier Eastman. 

Fig. 3.1 Ti me dependences of the complex viscosity measured at a frequency of 1 Hz. An aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving 30wt.% of precursor and 0.2wt.% of N-[(trimethox-ysilyl)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in 0.01 M sulfuric acid. The stages ofthe sol-gel processes discussed in the text are I - condensation and sol formation, II - sol-gel transition, III - gel maturation. (Unpublished results).

Preparative photolysis of AETSAPPE (0.25 M aqueous solution) at 254 nm (Rayonet reactor) resulted in the formation of the disulfide product 2-amino(2-hydroxy-3-(phenyl ether) propyl) ether disulfide (AHPEPED) as the primary photoproduct Photolysis of AETSAPPE at 254 nm (isolated line of medium pressure mercury lamp) resulted in rapid initial loss of starting material accompanied by formation (analyzed by HPLC) of AHPEPED (Figure 12a and 12b) (Scheme IV). Similar results were obtained for photolysis- at 280 nm. Quantum yields for disappearance of AETSAPPE and formation of AHPEPED at 254 nm and 280 nm are given in Table I. The photolytic decomposition of AETSAPPE in water was also accomplished by sensitization ( x =366 nm) with (4-benzoylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride (BTC), a water soluble benzophenone type triplet sensitizer. The quantum yield for the sensitized disappearance (Table I) is comparable to the results for direct photolysis (unfortunately, due to experimental complications we did not measure the quantum yield for AHPEPED formation). These results indicate that direct photolysis of AETSAPPE probably proceeds from a triplet state. 

The effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on the mineralisation of LAS, AE, stearyl trimethylammonium chloride (STAC) and sodium stearate (main soap component) in soils was studied by Knaebel and co-workers [38]. The four 14C-labelled compounds were aseptically adsorbed to montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, sand and humic acids and subsequently mixed with soil yielding surfactant concentrations of about 50 jig kg-1. The CO2 formation in the serum bottle respirometers was monitored over a period of 2 months indicating that the mineralisation extent was highest for LAS (49-75%). Somewhat lower amounts of produced CO2 were reported for AE and the stearate ranging from 34-58% and 29-47%, respectively. The mineralisation extent of the cationic surfactant did not exceed 21% (kaolinite) and achieved only 7% in the montmorillonite-modified soil. Associating the mineral type with the mineralisation kinetics showed that sand... 

These include nitrite and trimethylammonium oxide. Nitrite undergoes a six-electron reduction to give ammonia in a reaction catalyzed by a nitrite reductase. Nitrite reductase activity with lactate and formate has been reported, although other donors may support the reduction of nitrite. It should be noted that at least three pathways in E. coli exist for the reduction of nitrite. 

Other substrates, in which one of the two nucleofuges is not a halogen, have been studied. Haloarene-diazo sulfides on treatment with arenethiolate ions give substantial formation of bis(arylthio)arenes except that the monofluorophenyl sulfide is produced when the halogen is fluorine,64 and p-iodophenyl-trimethylammonium ion, on treatment with benzenethiolate ion in liquid ammonia, gives p-bis(phenyl-thio)benzene in 95% yield.90... 

Samples of triphenylborane are obtained readily by thermal decomposition of trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate prepared by the method described. Preparation of triphenylborane by this method eliminates the tedious and somewhat hazardous treatment of the reactive residues produced during the formation of the triphenylborane by the Grignard method.3... 

Although the silicate skeleton structure of the (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium silicate solid, deposited from the solution, consists of the SigCUQ8- silicate structure solely, the recovery of the cubic octamer from the solution at the maximum temperature is only 10.3%, indicating that the selective formation of silicate structure in the solid is promoted very rapidly with lowering temperature. 

Carnitine deficiency complicates HMG-CoA lyase deficiency and other inborn errors of metabolism, which results in organic acidemia. L-Camitine or P-hydroxy-y-trimethylammonium butyrate is a carrier molecule that transports long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for subsequent P-oxi-dation. L-Carnitine also facilitates removal of toxic metabolic intermediates or xenobiotics via urinary excretion of their acyl carnitine derivatives. Indeed, individuals with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency have been shown to excrete 3-methylgluatarylcamitine (Roe et al., 1986). In the absence of ketogenesis, the formation of the acyl carnitine derivative of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate from HMG-CoA also serves to regenerate free CoA in the mitochondria and permits continued P-oxidation of fatty acids. 

The synthesis of Fc-modified imidazolium salts, as precursors for the carbene ligands, usually involves the reaction of a (substituted) imidazole with a ferrocenylmethyl halide [166], a classic route for functionalised NHC, the reaction of a (substituted) imidazole with ferrocenylmethyl trimethylammonium halide [166-170], the reaction of an imidazole functionalised diazonium salt with ferrocene [144] or the formation of the inudazole ring using hydroxymethylferrocene [171] or ferrocenylmethylamine [168] as starting materials (see Figure 4.45). 

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