Liquid fire

The fire spreads easily by, e.g., running liquid fire, a pool fire, a fire ball, heat radiation or thermal lift (convection). 

Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids... 

Dry chemical extinguishing systems-This is used primarily for flammable liquid fires since they provide a rapid flame knockdown and e.xtinguishment. 

Water spray systems. Tliese are used for exposure protection of buildings, tanks, and control of Class B flaimnable liquid fires. 

Extinguisher type Water Carbon dioxide Dry powder Foam Vaporizing liquid Fire blanket Sand... 

Flammable liquid which spreads can result, on ignition, in a running liquid fire. If spilled onto... 

Hydrocarbon releases in the petroleum industry are either gaseous, mists or liquids and are either atmospheric releases or pressurized. Gas and mist releases are considered more significant since they are readily ignitable since they are in the gas state and due to the generation of vapor clouds which if ignited are instantly destructive in a widespread nature versus liquid fires that may be less prone to ignition, generally localized and relatively controllable. 

Liquids under pressure (pipeline leaks, pump seal failures, etc.), will be thrown some distance from the point source, while atmospheric leakages will emit at the point of release. The other characteristic of liquid releases is their flash points. High flash point liquids, not operating above their flash point temperatures, are inherently safer than low flash point liquids. Most liquid fires are relatively easy to contain and suppress while gas fires are prone to explosion possibilities if extinguished and source points are not isolated. 

Once sustained combustion is achieved, liquid fires quickly reach steady-state burning with a near constant mass-burning rate. As such, the heat release rate for the fire becomes a function of the liquid surface area exposed to air. 

Running liquid fires (three-dimensional fires)... 

Three-dimensional liquid fires, such as those involving elevated equipment, flowing fires, or pressure leaks, are not readily extinguishable with foam. 

Class B Flammable liquids Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases. 

Fenian Fire (liquid Fire)—consisted of a solution of yellow phosphorous in carbon disulfide. On evaporation of the CS2, the phosphorous self-ignited in the air and ignited nearby flammable objects... 

Besides flammable liquid fires, the results of which can be somewhat mitigated by effective loss limitation techniques, there are two more types of disaster, protection from which is nearly entirely dependent upon prevention... 

As in the case of flammable liquid fires and explosions, the control of dust explosions is based upon prevention of ignition and secondarily limitation of damage in the event ignition does occur... 

In the Sarvastivadin school of Buddhism (-400 BCE), the minimum indivisible particle of matter was called the atom, which expresses the nature of matter. The characteristic atoms were earth (sohd), water (liquid), fire (heat), air (moving), color, taste, odor, and sense of touch, and they existed in space. The smallest composite unit was considered to be composed of seven characteristic atoms, which are set at the apices and center of octahedron (S). 

Most combustible liquids do not present a vapor problem if accidentally released into the atmosphere. The probability of a fire, therefore, is considerably less than it would be if the spill was of a flammable material. If, however, the combustible liquid is at a temperature higher than its flashpoint, then it can be expected to behave in the identical manner a flammable liquid. One major difference between the two in a fire situation is that the potential exists for cooling the combustible liquid below its flash point by the proper application of water (generally applied in the form of water spray). In the event the liquid is burning, and if the fire forces are successful in achieving the required reduction in liquid temperature, then vapor production will cease and the fire will be extinguished because of a lack of vapor fuel. Unless this reduction in liquid temperature can be brought about, the fire will necessitate the same control considerations a low-flash liquid fire would. 

As noted earlier, one of the agents considered suitable for the extinguishment of petroleum-liquid fires is aqueous film forming foam. This is a liquid concentrate that contains a fluorocarbon surfactant to help float and spread the film across the petroleum-liquid surface and is commonly referred to as A Triple F . AFFF concentrates of 1, 3, or 6 percent are available, all with about... 

Some bromine compounds are covered specifically under Hazardous Materials Regulations. Other compounds may usually be shipped under the classification of chemicals, not otherwise indexed by name, without special requirements unless from their nature they would fall under a category such as combustible liquid, compressed gas, corrosive liquid (or solid), disinfectant liquid (or solid), dmg, dye intermediate (liquid), fire extinguisher, flammable gas (liquid or solid), insecticide, medicine, oxidizer or oxidizing material, poisonous liquid (gas or solid), solvent, or tear gas. Specific provisions apply to each of these categories and appropriate packaging and labeling are required. 

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