Liquid fertilizers solutions

There are many different types of liquid and solid fertilizers but we give only some generalizations about advantages of each. Liquid fertilizers are a clear solution, a suspension of a solid in a liquid (aided by a suspending agent), or a simple slurry of a solid in a liquid. Solid fertilizers contain no liquid. Table 21.3 summarizes the advantages of liquids and solids. 

The U.S. urea production from 1976 to 1980 (18,19) is given in Table 8. During this period, urea became the most important solid nitrogen fertilizer. Urea solution production almost doubled from 1977 to 1978, proving its importance as a liquid fertilizer... 

Urea is used as a solid fertilizer, a liquid fertilizer and miscellaneous applications such as animal feed, urea, formaldehyde resins, melamine, and adhesives. Presently, the most popular nitrogen fertilizer is a urea-ammonium nitrate solution. Urea-formaldehyde resins have large use as a plywood adhesive. Melamine-formaldehyde resins are used as dinnerware and for extra-hard surfaces (Formica ). The melamine is synthesized by condensation of urea molecules. 

Commercial grades of AN include solutions that contain about 83% AN and solid products. Both grades are used for direct fertilizer applications, or they are blended with other materials to form mixed solid and liquid fertilizers. High density, prilled AN is usually used for direct applications while other solid AN is mixed with phosphate and potash for multi-nutrient fertilizers. Solid AN has lost market share to urea because it has a lower nitrogen content (33-35% for AN vs. 45-46% for urea), plus it costs more per ton. In addition to direct application, AN solutions are mixed with urea to make nitrogen solution fertilizers240. 

As with iron ore balling, the primary control of granulation is through the amount of liquid (or solution) phase present. Because of the presence of soluble consituents, the amount of water needed for granulation is roughly established by the chemical composition of the fertilizer. Operational controls are used for minor adjustment of the liquid phase in the granulator to stabilize the process and include adjustment of ... 

The concentration and the solidification of ammonium nitrate and urea solutions to form solid fertilizers require considerable expenditure of eneq>y and processing expense so it is attractive to use the solutions in the formulation of liquid fertilizers, without processing them into solid form. However, neither ammonium... 

The elaborated method [5, 9] of their utilization (Fig. 3) involves treating alkaline solution with mineral acid to pH 1-4(1), and neutralization with ammonia water or ammonia gas to pH 7-8.5 (2). We can obtain liquid fertilizer (7) containing 1.5-3.5% of molybdenum or solid fertilizer (6) containing 4-8% of molybdenum — after its concentration (3), crystallization (4), and filtration (5). 

Mono- and diammonium phosphate are used as solid fertilizers, whereas ammonium polyphosphate is mainly utilized in solution as a liquid fertilizer, since unlike the orthophosphates, it is very soluble and is more difficult to granulate than the orthophosphates. As a result of its complexing properties, it also keeps impurities (iron, aluminum, magnesium etc.) in solution. 

The consumption in the USA in 1996 was 3.83 10 t N, of which 83% was used in fertilizers. Half of the consumption in fertilizers was utilized in liquid fertilizers e.g. in urea-ammonium nitrate. solutions, the rest being used in solid fertilizers. 7% of urea was utilized for animal nutrition and 6% for urea-formaldehyde resins, glues and melamine. In the period between 1984 and 1996 there was a reduction in urea capacity in Western Europe of 39% to 2.5 10 t/a N (Table 2.2-7). 

Urea is used as a feed supplement for cattle, up to 8 lb/yr per head of cattle. In liquid fertilizers, urea raises the upper limit for stable nitrogen solutions. In solids it prevents caking due to the formation of ammonium chloride in mixtures of ammonium and potassium fertilizers. Ureaforms which are condensates of urea and formaldehyde, can be used as time-release fertilizers when it is desired to release fertilizing urea at a controlled rate, such as on a golf course [8]. The main use of solid, prilled urea is as side-dressing. 

In Malaysia, this term includes anhydrous ammonia, ammoniating solutions, liquid mixed fertilizer solutions, suspensions, and slurries. The principal materials used in making liquid fertilizer are ammonia, ammonium nitrate, urea, phosphoric add, and potassium chlorideT... 

In the United States, the term liquid or fluid fertilizer is a general term usually including fertilizers wholly or partially in solution that can be handled as a liquid. This includes dear liquids, liquids containing solids in suspension, and usually anhydrous ammonia however, anhydrous ammonia sometimes is referred to as a gaseous fertilizer even though it is applied as a liquid. AAPFCO defines liquid fertilizer as a fluid in which the plant nutrients are in true solution. 

Solution Fertilizers (ISO) - Liquid fertilizer free of solid particles. 

Typical grades of liquid fertilizers that have fowndilorine content and are made from superphosphoric-acid-aiK potassium hydroxide solution are given in Table 10.16. 

Mekne, R. S.,.R. G. Lee, and W. G. Scott. 1972. Fh oduction of Liquid Fertilizers with Very Ffigh Polyphosphate Content, Fertilizer Solutions, 16(2) 32-45. 

With minor exceptions, the commercial fertilizer, products are triple superphosphate (TSP), ammonium phosphates, and other compound fertilizers (some of the minor exceptions are potassium phosphates and magnesium ammonium phosphate [MgNH4P04]). Use of phosphoric acid in compound fertilizers will be described-under subject headings Compound Fertilizers" (Chapter 16), Liquid Fertilizers and Mtrogen Solutions" (Qiap-ter 10), and Nitrophosphate Fertilizers (Chapter 13). The present chapter wSi deal mainly wrath TSP and solid ammonium phosphates. 

Potassium carbonate is used primarily in the glass manufacture, e.g., of televisions and similar display tubes. Potassium carbonate solution (0-0-30 grade) is marketed in the United States as a specialty liquid fertilizer. Potassium carbonate is produced by carbonating KOH with C02. Some potassium carbonate is further carbonated to produce KHCO3 (potassium bicarbonate), which is used largely in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 

Use of a 64% solution of ammonium nitrate as a binder for coating micronutrients on bulk blends has been described [24]. Over 97% adherence was obtained. The use of liquid fertilizers as a binder was patented [25], and the process - trade named Micro-Charger - may still be in commercial use. 

Type 27-14-0, 25% solution Type 27-14-0, 25% solution Type 27-14-0, 25% solution Type 6-16-7 liquid fertilizer Type 6-16-7 liquid fertilizer Type 6-16-7 liquid fertilizer Type 6-16-7 liquid fertilizer Type 6-16-7 liquid fertilizer EB-32 fertlizer solution, contains S -I- 0.1% Na Crp,... 

If regulations do not allow land application of organic liquid fertilizer or no customers are found at all, aerobic biological treatment (wastewater treatment) followed by direct or indirect discharge is the most favorable option. But to reduce cost and increase efficiency of the aerobic treatment, an enhanced solid removal and a stripping step for the ammonia is necessary. In this way, two widely accepted fertilizer products are generated solid fertilizer rich in carbon, humus forming substances, and phosphorus and a liquid ammonium sulfate solution with stable composition and without smell. If needed, these products can be blended to produce fertilizer with typical NPK ratios. 

Stainless Steel Liquid Fertilizers (Nitrate Solutions)... 

S30400 Liquid fertilizers (nitrate solutions) Sulfuric acid... 

The concentration and the solidification of ammonium nitrate and urea solutions to form solid fertilizers require considerable expenditure of energy and processing expense so it is attractive to use the solutions in the formulation of liquid fertilizers, without processing them into solid form. However, neither ammonium nitrate nor urea alone is sufficiently soluble at ambient temperatures to be attractive for direct use as liquid fertilizer. With either compound alone, a solution with a salting-out temperature of 32°F would contain only about 18 percent nitrogen. Fortunately, however, the joint solubility of the two compounds in water is much more favorable than this so the liquid nitrogen solutions marketed for fertilizer use almost invariably are joint solutions of ammonium nitrate and urea. Typical commercial solutions contain 28 to 32 percent nitrogen, with compositions and characteristics as shown in Table 11.2. 

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