Solid generation

Volume of a Solid Revolution (the solid generated by rotating a plane area about the x axis)... 

The chemical engineer is concerned with the industrial application of processes. This involves the chemical and microbiological conversion of material with the transport of mass, heat and momentum. These processes are scale-dependent (i.e., they may behave differently in small and large-scale systems) and include heterogeneous chemical reactions and most unit operations. Tlie heterogeneous chemical reactions (liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, liquid-solid, gas-solid, solid-solid) generate or consume a considerable amount of heat. However, the course of... 

There are three techniques applicable to managing solids generated in metal finishing. These are... 

A solution of 10 ml of 10 N aqueous KOH diluted to 25 ml with absolute ethanol was added dropwise over a period of 30 min to a well-stirred mixture of 0.4 g-atom (12.4 g) of finely divided white phosphorus, 1.2 mol (85.2 g) of acrylamide, and 200 ml of absolute ethanol under a nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature was maintained at -5 to 0°C by a cooling bath. After stirring for an additional 45 min, the white solid generated was recovered by filtration. This solid was dissolved in 125 ml of hot glacial acetic acid, and the solution was cooled to room temperature. (Any unreacted white phosphorus could be removed at this point by decantation under a nitrogen atmosphere.) The solution was filtered through diatoma-ceous earth, diluted with 600 ml of absolute ethanol, and cooled at 5°C for 30 min. The resultant white solid was collected by filtration, washed with absolute ethanol, and dried to produce the pure tris(2-carbamoylethyl)phosphine oxide in 74% yield. 

Batra, Fornes eind Hersh (23) recently demonstrated that a significant amount of the material captured by vertical elutria-tors in the model card room at North Carolina State University arises from solids generated by the evaporation of humidifier water. Table IX shows variation in dust concentrations in the card room with and without the contribution of humidifier particulates (23). 

A piezoelectric solid generates a voltage in response to applied pressure. 

Turbidimetric methods are often used to estimate the relative mass of suspended solids generated in laboratory column studies or present in surface- and ground-water samples.717-29 38 47-50 In fact, turbidity is commonly used as an indicator when the chemistry within a monitoring well has stabilized during pumping so that a representative groundwater sample can be taken. 

Sludge is mostly composed of solids generated during wastewater treatment processes. The types of sludge that must be treated or disposed of include the following ... 

Originally,2 a NaF/HaO workup was used. SoxhJet extraction of the solids generated in the work-up was required to obtain good yields of crude 2. The present aqueous KOH work-up simplifies the procedure and gives comparable or better yields of crude 2. 

The BASIL process economically avoids the problems resulting from solids generation by making use of ionic liquids to scavenge acids. Instead of using a tertiary amine, 1-alkylimidazole is used to scavenge the produced acids. As the imidazole reacts with the acid, an alkylimidazolium salt is formed that is an ionic liquid at the reaction temperature. As a liquid, the alkylimidazolium salt can be easily removed by a liquid-liquid phase separation. 

Powder solids generate heat when immersed in liquids due to the solvation action of the solvent molecules, which destroys the solid interface. This exothermic heat can be measured precisely using advanced calorimeters, which are sensitive to just a few Joules per mole of material. If the surface area of this powder has been measured previously using an independent method, such as by BET adsorption, then it is possible to calculate the surface free energy from the heat of immersion. 

The volume of the solid generated by revolving the curve fix) about the x-axis is... 

Limestone Utilization. At a scrubber inlet pH of about 5.2, the corresponding limestone utilization is normally 80 percent or higher for an adipic acid-enhanced system, as compared to 65 to 70 percent in unenhanced limestone systems at an equivalent S0 removal. Thus the quantity of waste solids generated is reduced in an adipic acid-enhanced system. Higher limestone utilization also contributes to more reliable scrubber operation by reducing the fouling tendency. This increased reliability is a very attractive feature of adipic acid-enhanced systems, since reliability problems have historically plagued limestone FGD. 

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