Liquid chromatography—mass analysis, matrix effects

Kruve, A., A. Kunnapas, K. Herodes, et al. 2008. Matrix effects in pesticide multi-residue analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1187 58-66. 

Xia YQ, Jemal M (2009) Phospholipids in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry bio-analysis comparison of three tandem mass spectrometric techniques for monitoring plasma phospholipids, the effect of mobile phase composition on phospholipids elution and the association of phospholipids with matrix effects. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 23 2125-2138... 

High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used in recent years for the analysis of biomarkers and metabolites. Biomarker determination and quantification, whether metabolic or adducted biomolecules, are commonly used to evaluate exposure and support biomonitoring research, especially in the area of occupational exposure and health. Some of the common problems and strategies of HPLC-MS biomarker analysis involve matrix effects, the use of isotope-labeled internal standard compounds, and sample cleanup usually all of these factors must be evaluated within the development phase of an analysis procedure. Specific examples of biomarker analysis using HPLC-MS include acrylamide, aromatic compounds, and 1-bromopropane, and these examples are discussed in detail. 

Niessen, W.M.A., Manini, R, Andreoli, R. (2006) Matrix Effects in Quantitative Pesticide Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 25 881-899. 

Niessen WMA, Manini P, Andreoli R. Matrix effects in quantitative pesticide analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass Spec Rev 2006 25 881-99. 

Table 5.15 Relative signal responses from various injection volumes for the LC-MS-MS analysis of a wheat forage matrix sample. Reprinted from J. Chromatogr., A, 907, Choi, B. K., Hercules, D. M. and Gusev, A. L, Effect of liquid chromatography separation of complex matrices on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry signal suppression , 337-342, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier Science...

Kloepfer, A., J.B. Quintana, and T. Reemtsma. 2005. Operational options to reduce matrix effects in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous environmental samples. 7. Chromatogr. A 1067 153-160. 

Zrostlikova J, Hajslova J, Poustka J, Begany P (2002) Alternative calibration approaches to compensate the effect of co-extracted matrix components in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues in plant materials. J Chromatogr A 973 13-26... 

Hou W, Watters JW, McLeod HL (2004) Simple and rapid docetaxel assay in human plasma by protein precipitation and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 804 263-267 Schuhmacher J, Zimmer D, Tesche F, Pickard V (2003) Matrix effects during analysis of plasma samples by electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry practical approaches to their elimination. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 17 1950-1957 Shah PW (2001) Guidance for Industry Bioanalytical Method Validation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration... 

Dodder, N.G. Peck, A.M. Kucklick, J.R. Sander, L.C., Analysis of hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers and enantiomers by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry Chromatographic selectivity and ionization matrix effects J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1135, 36 2. 

Whatever the chemistry, MALDI mass spectrometry has proved to be very effective in validating results of synthesis performed on PEG. Nevertheless some drawbacks were spotted. First, a chemical reactivity directed by the acidic properties of the matrix co-crystallized with the sample under investigation was observed with acid-sensitive Schiff bases. The side reaction was avoided when a nonacidic matrix (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) was used. Second, mixture analysis was quite difficult to conduct due to the presence of large overlapping distributions. For these two reasons ESI mass spectrometry was also investigated to monitor PEG-mediated syntheses as it requires no specific sample treatment prior to analysis and is easily coupled to a liquid chromatography to profile mixtures. 

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