Lippmann effect

Chan, T. L., R. M. Schreck and M. Lippmann, Effect of the Laryngeal Jet on Particle Deposition in the Human Trachea and Upper Bronchial Airways, A Aerosol Sci. 11 447-459 (1980). 

It has long been known that the form of a curved surface of mercury in contact with an electrolyte solution depends on its state of electrification [108, 109], and the earliest comprehensive investigation of the electrocapillary effect was made by Lippmann in 1875 [110]. A sketch of his apparatus is shown in Fig. V-10. 

A. Thermodynamics of the Electrocapillary Effect The basic equations of electrocapillarity are the Lippmann equation [110]... 

Spiegelman, J. R., G. D. Hanson, A. Lazarus, R. J. Bennett, M. Lippmann, and R. A. Albert. Effect of acute sulfur dioxide exposure on bronchial clearance in the donkey. Arch. Environ. Health 17 321-326, 1968. 

Molliave, L. (2000b) Volatile organic compounds and the sick building syndrome, in Environmental Toxicants. Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, 2nd edn (ed. M. Lippmann), John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, USA, pp. 889-903. 

At the surface of a solid electrode the molecules are not free to move and the interface is in general not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the bulk. In addition, any real solid electrode is at least partially polarizable. These two effects lead to an additional superficial charge <7e. and the Lippmann equation becomes [26]... 

The additional charge and the corresponding additional surface tension are time-dependent quantities in which the equilibrium between the bulk and the interface is not established. The irreversible contribution can be separated from the reversible by considering the time dependence, if the experimental time scale allows for such a test. Time-dependent effects can be observed by impedance measurements at different frequencies. For gold, as an example, impedance measurements showed spectra characteristic for equilibration processes at least over a time scale of 0.1 ms to 100 s. Gold also shows a surface reconstruction depending on the potential [148]. Fortunately, the variation of the interfacial strain with potential is usually so small that the original Lippmann equation (41) for a solid is practically the same as for a liquid electrode 1149]. 

Lippmann M. 1990. Effects of fiber characteristics on lung deposition, retention, and disease. Environ Health Perspect 88 311-317. 

Lippmann M. 1994. Deposition and retention of inhaled fibres Effects on incidence of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Occup Environ Med 51 793-798. 

Waxman K, Shoemaker WC, Lippmann M. Cardiovascular effects of anesthetic induction with ketamine. Anesth Analg 1980 59(5) 355-8. 

Lippmann, M. (1989). Health effects of ozone. A critical review. J. Air PoUut. Control Assoc. 39, 672-695. 

Lippmann M (1993) Health effects of tropospheric ozone Review of recent research findings and their implications to ambient air quality standards. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 3 103-129. 

Pugsley TA, Lippmann W. 1979. Effect of acute and chronic treatment of tandamine, a new heterocyclic antidepressant, on biogenic amine metabolism and related activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 308 239 17... 

Lippmann M, Albert RE. The effect of particle size on the regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in the human respiratory tract. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1969, 30, 257-275. 

Fang, C. R, Wilson, J. E., Spektor, D. M., and Lippmann, M. (1993). Effect of lung airway branching pattern and gas composition on particle deposition in bronchial airways. III. Experimental studies with radioactively tagged aerosol in human and canine lungs. Exp Lung Res 19(3), 377-396. 

Past studies of solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems have focused on measuring the partitioning of trace components between solid and aqueous phases. The effect of solid-solution formation on mineral solubilities was rarely studied. Recently however, Lippmann (1,2), Thorstenson and Plummer (3) and Plummer and Busenberg (4) have enriched our understanding of SSAS systems with their theoretical and experimental descriptions of solid-solution dissolution and component distribution reactions. The objectives of this paper are 1) to describe and to compare the concepts presented by the above authors, 2) to present some techniques which may help estimate the effect of SSAS reactions on the chemical evolution of natural waters. 

Goldstein, B. D. Witz, G. In Critical Reviews of Environmental Toxicants—Human Exposure and Their Health Effects, Lippmann, M., Ed. Van Nostrand New Yoric, 1991, Chap. 3. 

Lippmann, M., (2000), Environmental Toxicants Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Cardiovascular mortality has been linked to coarse PM exposure only in the general population, and not in subjects occupationally exposed to urban airborne PM (Ostro et al. 2000 Mar et al. 2(X)0, 2003 Villeneuve et al. 2003 Brunekreef and Forsberg 2005 Kan et al. 2007 Wilson et al. 2007 Perez et al. 2009). Some evidence has also indicated that coarse PM had a strong effect on total cardiovascular hospital admissions (Burnett et al. 1997, 1999 Lippmann et al. 2000). However, some other studies did not found the same correlation (Fairley 1999 Anderson et al. 2001 Host et al. 2008 Peng et al. 2008). A few studies have associated coarse PM with inflammatory responses as well as with decreases in heart rate variability among susceptible people (Yeatts et al. 2007 Lipsett et al. 2006). 

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