Fibers characteristics

Phormium. The Phormium tenax plant yields a long, light-colored, hard fiber also known as New Zealand hemp or flax, although it has none of the bast fiber characteristics. The plant is a perennial of the Agavaceae with leaves up to 4 m long and 10 cm wide. The fibers are recovered by mechanical decortication. 

Textile finishing includes various efforts to improve the properties of textile fabrics, whether for apparel, home, or other end uses. In particular, these processes are directed toward modifying either the fiber characteristics themselves or the gross textile end properties. Such modifications may be chemical or mechanical in nature. One modification that is not covered in this article relates to the dyeing of textiles and the dyestuffs employed for fibers however, areas that involve chemical finishing designed to modify the normal dye receptivity and the growing use of enzyme treatments are included. 

X-Ray diffraction studies of textile fibers have led to the development of techniques to calculate or estimate the following fiber characteristics ... 

In the former Soviet Union [603], there were two classification systems. One was applied when supplying cotton to the domestic market and other socialist countries, the other for cotton sold to hard currency markets. The domestic system was GOST 3279-76. It had no scientific basis and could not estimate satisfactorily fiber characteristics for yarn production. The export version had no officially recognized physical standards. So a new system somewhat approaching the American system that could be used in international markets was developed. 

Fiber characteristics that should be taken into account for making filters include temperature capability, corrosion resistance (withstand adds, alkalies, solvents, etc.), hydrolysis (humidity levels), dimensional stability, and cost. Among important medical application of fibers, we should mention sutures and filters. Sutures are used to close the wound during surgical operations. Fibers used as sutures can be absorbable or nonabsorbable. The main requirements are that the suture must have only a minimal amount of reaction with the tissue and, in the case of absorption, there must be minimal chemical irritation (Lyman,... 

Along these same lines, further work would be helpful in defining other fiber characteristics that are important determinants of carcinogenicity. It is suspected, for example, that amphiboles, such as crocidolite and tremolite asbestos, are more likely to cause mesothelioma than chrysotile, but it is not certain if this is attributable to differences in fiber length alone or to differences in chemical properties (e g., fiber morphometry, iron content, durability in biological fluids and tissues). Consequently, additional animal studies of the relative carcinogenic potency of airborne asbestos fibers of different types (e.g., chrysotile versus amphibole asbestos), carefully matched with regard to fiber size distribution, may be valuable. 

Lippmann M. 1990. Effects of fiber characteristics on lung deposition, retention, and disease. Environ Health Perspect 88 311-317. 

The polymers from other classes of compounds not necessarily having a carbon chain backbone may have different molecular steric arrangements. The steric arrangement of polyamides, for example, is very important for the capability of forming fibers and for the fiber characteristics (see e.g. Section 13.3). 

Glasses for Light Transmission Fiber Optics 17.3.2.2.1. Optical Fiber Characteristics. 

Doshi and Reneker have experimented with the spinning of PEO fibers from aqueous solutions and studied the relationship between process and solution parameters on fiber characteristics (Doshi and Reneker 1995). Electrospun fibers were about 0.05 to 5 pm in diameter Reneker and Chun demonstrated the spinning of polyethylene terephthalate fibers of 300 nm in diameter with cylindrical structures (Reneker and Chun 1996). 

Matic-LeighR andCauthen DA, Determining cottonfibermaturity by image analysis. Part 1 Direct measurement of cotton fiber characteristics . Textile Research Journal, 1994, 64,534-544. 

M.M. Stark and R.E. Roland. Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites. Wood J Fiber Sci., 2003, 35(2), 167-174. 

H. Bauch, V. Paquet, W. Siefert, Preparation of Optical Fiber Performs by Plasma-Impulse-CVD, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 584, Optical Fiber Characteristics and Standards,... 

DM = dry matter OM = organic matter CP = crude protein TDF = total dietary fiber, characteristics of soybeans from different origins when diets are formulated. 

Recently we have been seeking new types of organosilicon polymers with the hope of finding polymers having unique structures and interesting combinations of properties. Out of this work has come a new siloxane that is, at least in part, inherently fibrous. The fibers characteristic of it have very small diameters and are flexible and inert. 

Curvature is perhaps the most important fiber characteristic for styling, combing, and other aspects of hair behavior. Permanent waves and hair relaxers function primarily by changing fiber curvature to produce either a curlier or a straighter hair fiber. When curvature is low (the hair is straight—... 

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