Lippmann

It has long been known that the form of a curved surface of mercury in contact with an electrolyte solution depends on its state of electrification [108, 109], and the earliest comprehensive investigation of the electrocapillary effect was made by Lippmann in 1875 [110]. A sketch of his apparatus is shown in Fig. V-10. 

A. Thermodynamics of the Electrocapillary Effect The basic equations of electrocapillarity are the Lippmann equation [110]... 

A number of more or less equivalent derivations of the electrocapillary Eq. V-49 have been given, and these have been reviewed by Grahame [113]. Lippmann based his derivation on the supposition that the interface was analogous to a parallel-plate condenser, so that the reversible work dG, associated with changes in area and in charge, was given by... 

Kouri D J, Huang Y, Zhu W and Hoffman D K 1994 Variational principles for the time-independent wave-packet-Schrddinger and wave-packet-Lippmann-Schwinger equations J. Chem. Phys. 100... 

A typical example of an ideal polarizable interface is the mercury-solution interface [1,2]. From an experimental point of view it is characterized by its electrocapillary curve describing the variation of the interfacial tension 7 with the potential drop across the interface, 0. Using the thermodynamic relation due to Lippmann, we get the charge of the wall a (-a is the charge on the solution side) from the derivative of the electrocapillary curve ... 

G. Lippmann (Paris) method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference. 

The basic equations to be used are the Lippmann-Schwinger equations for the alloy wave function... 

Fig. 20.4 Lippmann electrometer for studying the variation of the excess charge on mercury with variation in potential difference at the mercury solution interface...

At constant p and T, the Gibbs adsorption equation for an electrode interface leads to the well-known Lippmann equation12 ... 

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