Lipids and Fatty Acids

Lipids encompass a wide class of amphiphilic molecules which, along with proteins, form the biological membranes necessary to support cellular function. While the simplest lipids, fatty acids and triglycerides, are not... 

Graeve M, Dauby P, Scailteur Y (2001) Combined lipid, fatty acid and digestive tract content analyses a penetrating approach to estimate feeding modes of Antarctic amphipods. Polar Biol 24 853-862 Harvell CD (1990) The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Q Rev Biol 65 323-340 Hay ME (1996) Marine chemical ecology what s known and what s next J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 200 103-134... 

Bakes, M.J. Nichols, P.D. (1995) Lipid, fatty acid and squalene composition of liva oil from six species of deep-sea sharks collected in southern Australian watas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., HOB, 267-75. 

Johnston, P.V. and Roots, B.I. (1964). Brain lipids, fatty acids and temperature acclimation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 11B, 303-309. 

Lipids, fatty acids, and triglycerides mainly occur as particles or colloids. 

There is a large number of naturally occurring lipids but not all are available commercially. The Lipid Library is a useful source of general information on most classes of lipids, fatty acids and eicosanoids. In addition to this, a more specific database, the Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy (LipidMAPS), provides a classification system for all known lipids and gives information on the structures of these lipids. 

FIGURE 5.5 High magnification TEM of the fiber cuticle surface as it appears in transverse section after bulk fiber staining with osmium tetroxide. The fiber cuticle surface membrane (FCSM) comprising lipids (fatty acids) and proteins is approximately 6 nm thick and is apposed to the a-layer (a) of exocuticle (exo). Bar equals 0.1 p,m. 

CELL BOUND LIPIDS, FATTY ACIDS, AND STEROLS... 

C15H21N5O5 351.361 Selective adenosine Aj agonist. Antilipolytic agent. Reduces heart rate and mean arterial pressure and produces decreased plasma lipids, fatty acids and glucose levels in rats. Stereochem. at cyclopentyl ring is (IS, 2S). 

Preliminary Observations of Lipid Fatty Acids and the Lipid Fraction of Normal Human Blood by Means of Gas-Phase Chromatography Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 36 1700-1703 (1960) CA 55 23748g... 

Research Procedure 1, Screening of Lipid, Fatty Acid and Triterpenoid Compounds for Antifungal Activity Against Economically Important Soybean Pathogens... 

Lipids, Fatty Acids and Triterpenoids for Screening. Eight compounds were screened for antifungal activity Linoleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Trans-Linoelaidic Acid, Sesamol, Carbenoxolone, Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycerrhetinic Acid. 

In a number of investigations, lipids, fatty acids and their derivatives were observed to have a laterally well ordered packing of the aliphatic chains whereas the polar head were laterally less well ordered. This disorder partly stems from co-ordination with water in the subphase and results in a large Debye-Waller factor for the head group. Thus, in most cases only the tail region contributes to diffraction and the polar head group contributes to the background. In XR experiments the lateral order is irrelevant and both the tail, head and the subphase contribute to measurable modulations of the electron density across the surface [8],... 

Hydrolysis of esterified lipids is essential in order for lipid absorption to occur. Anatomically, lipolysis begins in the stomach where a limited amount of partial hydrolysis of triglycerides provides more polar lipids (fatty acids and partial glycerides) to assist in emulsification. A lingual lipase is thought to be involved in this process. The net result of this gastric phase of fat digestion is the initiation of lipolysis and the preparation of a stable emulsion on which the major pancreatic lipolytic enzymes can act in the milieu of the small intestine. 

Yamashiro, H., Oku, H., Higa, H., Chinen, I., and Sakai, K. (1999) Composition of lipids, fatty acids and sterols in Okinawan corals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 122B, 397-407. 

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