Lipids dialysis

Ginn HE et al Gamphor intoxication treated by lipid dialysis. yAAtd 203 164—165, 1968... 

Polymeric micelles Poloxamer-like block copolymers PEG and lipophilic polymer copolymers PEGylated lipids Dialysis, emulsification, or film method 35,36... 

Human Brain Tissue Homogenization Extraction of lipids Dialysis... 

Injection of phospholipid dissolved in ethanol into excess water heated above the Tc of the lipids results in the formation of mainly unilamellar vesicles (Batzri and Korn, 1973). The remaining ethano can be removed by dialysis or by gel filtration (Nordlund et al., 1981). 

Rhoden, V., and Goldin, S. M. (1979). Formation of unilamellar lipid vesicles of controllable dimensions by detergent dialysis. Biochemistry, 18, 4173-4176. 

Hepatic steatosis usually is a result of excessive administration of carbohydrates and/or lipids, but deficiencies of carnitine, choline, and essential fatty acids also may contribute. Hepatic steatosis can be minimized or reversed by avoiding overfeeding, especially from dextrose and lipids.35,38 Carnitine is an important amine that transports long-chain triglycerides into the mitochondria for oxidation, but carnitine deficiency in adults is extremely rare and is mostly a problem in premature infants and patients receiving chronic dialysis. Choline is an essential amine required for synthesis of cell membrane components such as phospholipids. Although a true choline deficiency is rare, preliminary studies of choline supplementation to adult patients PN caused reversal of steatosis. 

Kasianowicz et al. [65] described the determination of the transport of niclosamide protons across lipid bilayer membranes by equilibrium dialysis, electrophoretic mobility, membrane potential, membrane conductance, and spectrophotometric... 

Since the protein-palmitate derivative can t be dissolved in organic solvent during homogenization of lipid to form liposomal membranes, it must be inserted into intact liposomes by detergent dialysis. 

Liposomes containing PE lipid components may be activated with these crosslinkers to contain iodoacetyl derivatives on their surface (Figure 22.29). The reaction conditions described in Chapter 5, Section 1.5 may be used, substituting a liposome suspension for the initial protein being modified in that protocol. The derivatives are stable enough in aqueous solution to allow purification of the modified vesicles from excess reagent (by dialysis or gel filtration) without... 

Meadows, J.C. Tillitt, D.E. Huckins, J.N. Schroeder, D. 1993, Large-scale dialysis of sample lipids using a semipermeable membrane device. Chemosphere 26 1993-2006. 

Strandberg, B. Bergqvist, P.-A. Rappe, C. 1998, Dialysis with semipermeable membranes as an efficient lipid removal method in the analysis of bioaccumulative chemicals. Anal. Chem. 70 ... 

Using PCB levels in five species of freshwater finfish, collected over a course of 20 years. Stow (1995) failed to find a significant relationship between residue concentrations and percent lipid. The finding of Randall et al. (1991) may explain part of the problem. They found that using different extraction solvents for tissues, lipid concentrations can vary by 3.5 fold and that laboratories vary widely in the type of solvents used for the extraction of HOC residues in tissues. Whole body lipid levels across BMO species typically vary from about 1 to 15% (based on wet tissue weights). Thus, the lipid mediated differences in BMO tissue concentrations may be as high as 15 fold. Unlike BMOs, Standard SPMDs have a uniform lipid content, which precludes any need for lipid normalization, and the extraction or dialysis solvent is standardized. 

Rantalainen, A.-L. Crewe, N.F. Ikonomou, M.G. 2000b, Comparison of three techniques for lipid removal from seal blubber Gel permeation, acid treatment, and dialysis with semipermeable membrane. Int. J. Environ. An. Ch. 76 31 7. 

DSPC/Chol (55 45) LUVs (diameter = 100 nm) are prepared as described in section Preparation of Sphingomyelin/Cholesterol (55 45) Large Unilamellar Vesicle by Extrusion [(Lipid) = 20 mM, volume = 5mL], using 350 mM citrate pH 4.0 as the hydration buffer, and 20 mM HEPES 1.50 mM NaCl pH 7.5 (HEPES-buffered saline) as the external buffer. In this case, the pH gradient is formed during the final dialysis step. It would also be possible to omit the final dialysis step and form the pH gradient by one of two common column methods. This could be desirable if the LUV... 

The encapsulation of pDNA can also be accomplished with the use of a detergent dialysis procedure (12). In contrast to the PFV approach, the detergent dialysis procedure starts off with a micellar system and leads to encapsulation of pDNA in unilamellar liposomes called SPLP after detergent removal. Plasmid entrapment relies on a delicate balance between cationic lipid content and ionic strength of the solution. 

Figure 6 Encapsulation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) in small sterically stabilized liposomes [stabilized plasmid-lipid particles (SPLP)] using a detergent dialysis procedure. (A) Entrapped pDNA-to-lipid ratio as a function of the initial pDNA-to-lipid ratio (mg/mg). The initial lipid concentration was lOmg/mL. (B) Cryo-electron micrograph showing the structure of SPLP. The location of the plasmid is indicated by the striated pattern superimposed on the liposomes. The bar represents 100 nm.

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