Linola

Seed 19.2 NorMan, Linola 947, McGregor, NorLin, Oomah and Mazza, 1997 Canada... 

Lukaszewicz et al. (2004) reported the oxidative properties of oil extracted from various flax cultivars. Linola cultivar (high LA), with the lowest content of linolenic acid, exhibited the highest conjugated diene values when heated... 

Goodridge, J., Ingalls, J., and Crow, G. 2001. Transfer of omega-3 linolenic acid and linoleic acid to milk fat from flaxseed or linola protected with formaldehyde. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 525-532. Greenberg, S.M., Calbert, C.E., Savage, E.E., and Deuel, H.J., Jr. 1950. The effect of fat level of the diet on general nutrition. J. Nutr. 41, 473- 186. 

Batterham, E.S., Andersen, L.M., Baigent, D.R. and Green, A.G. (1991) Evaluation of meals from Linola(R) low-linolenic acid linseed and conventional linseed as protein sources for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 35,181-190. 

The above list does not include cocoa butter nor minor oils such as rice bran oil or safflower oil. Nor does it distinguish between oils from a common botanical source with a modified fatty acid composition, such as canola oil and high-erucic rape seed oil, linseed oil and linola, or the various types of sunflower oil. 

With recognition of the importance of n-3 acids in the diet, the oil and seed— under the name of flaxseed—are being used increasingly in food products both for humans (cereals and breads) and for animals. This is independent of the growing use of linola oil (solin) discussed below. 

Linseed oil Linseed oil is well known as one of the most unsaturated vegetable oils with a high level of linolenic acid ( 50%). As a consequence of this it oxidizes and polymerizes very readily and is used in paints, varnishes, inks, linoleum, and as a sealant for concrete. Using chemical mutation, plant breeders in Australia (33) developed a variety of linseed with a low level of hnolenic acid ( 2%) and a high level of linoleic acid. This is called linola and is a linoleic-rich oil like sunflower (Table 4). The oil has GRAS status in USA. 

Component Flax Linola Canola Soybean Sunflower... 

Fatty acid composition of regular flax oil is different from other commercial oils because of the very high contribution of ALA, usually above 50% (Table 2). Because of the high content of this unique fatty acid, flaxseed and flax oil are often used as food supplements, where enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids is needed. This fatty acid is susceptible to oxidation it oxidizes 20 0 times faster than oleic acid and 2 times faster than linoleic acid (8). This property makes the oil a good material for paint and plastic production where fast oxidation is required. Flax oil contains low amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared with low linolenic flax oil (Linola), soybean, and sunflower oils however, it is higher than canola oil (Table 2). Canola oil contains the lowest amount of SFA among all commercial oils. 

The new oilseed crop is grown wherever flax and linseed varieties are currently cultivated (35, 36). The climate in northern Europe is highly suitable for production of Linola, where sunflower and com/maize cannot be produced. Linola seed can be processed by existing crushing plants using similar processing parameters. Linola meal is used for ruminant feed in the same way as linseed meal. 

The fatty acid composition of the new crop has been modified, and the level of linolenic acid has been reduced from over 50% to 2% (6). This greatly improves oxidative stability of the oil, which by fatty acid composition is very close to sunflower and soybean oils (Table 2). Linola has been found to be more resistant to oxidation than regular flax oil, and its stability is comparable with soybean, canola, and sunflower oils (Przybylski, unpublished data). 

Refining of crude Linola oil by conventional steps, namely, degumming, alkali refining, bleaching, and deodorization, produces colorless and odorless oil, which has good oxidative stability (9). In addition, properties of crude and refined, bleached, and deodorized (RED) Linola oil are comparable with other commodity oils (Table 1). 

There are several minor oilseeds that an important because of their special characteristics, properties, nutritional and health benefits. These include high-y-linolenic oils (evening primrose, borage or starflower and blackcurrant), virgin olive oil (Chapter 9), and the seed oils from sesame, rice bran, pumpkin, hemp and melon. This chapter deals with three minor vegetable oils, namely sesame seed oil, rice bran oil, and flaxseed (linseed and linola) oil. 

Table 11.12 Fatty acid comparison of linola, traditional flaxseed and other oils...

Table 11.13 Analytical data for crude and pilot-plant refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) linola oil...

Green, A.G. and Paul Dribnenki, J.C. (1994) Linola-A new premium polyunsaturated oil. Lipid Technol., 6, 29-33. 

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