Limes, expressed oil

Restrictions for furocoumarin containing essential oils have been recommended for Angelica root oil, Bergamot oil expressed, Bitter orange oil expressed, Cumin oil, Grapefruit oil expressed, Lemon oil cold pressed, Lime oil expressed, Rue oil. 

Lime oil expressed terpeneless. See Lime oil terpeneless Lime oil terpeneless CAS 68916-84-7... 

Lime Oil. This oil is obtained from the fmit Citrus aurantijolia Swingle the Key, Mexican, or West Indian lime or C latijolia Tanaka, the Persian lime, either by steam distillation or expression. Either the entire cmshed fmit or only the peel may be used, depending on the specific properties desired. A typical commercial distilled lime oil contains the constituents shown in Table 10 (25). 

A concentrated essential oil. Folding is a gravimctric/volumetric measure of the strength of a concentrated essential oil expressed as a multiple of a standard. A folded Citrus oil would be compared to the expressed oil (steam distilled oil in the case of distilled Lime oil), e.g. 5 x Orange oil. 

Latz and Madsen (33) investigated the total luminescence of coumarin derivatives isolated from expressed lime oil. They suggested the possibility of using excitation and emission spectra to detect the presence of chalcones and methyl salicylates added to adulterate expressed oils. 

Lime Oil, Coldpressed, occurs as a yellow to brown-green to green liquid that often shows a waxy separation and has a fresh lime-peel odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by expression from the fresh peel or crushed whole fruit of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Mexican type) or Citrus latifolia (Tahitian type) (Fam. Rutaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils and in mineral oil, but is insoluble in glycerin and in propylene glycol. It may contain a suitable antioxidant. 

Use Level 0.7% max. as expressed lime oil in skin cosmetics exposed to sunlight... 

Lime oil Citrus aurantiifolia Fruit rind Expression Limonene, pinene... 

The phototoxicity of certain substituted coumarins is well documented (see bergamot). Expressed lime oil contains more of such compounds than the other citrus oils (e.g., bergamot and grapefruit) and has been reported to be phototoxic to humans. 

Both expressed lime oil and distilled lime oil have been demonstrated to promote tumor formation on the skin and in the forestomach epithelium of mice treated with 9,10-dimethy 1-1,2-benzanthracene and benzo-[a]-pyrene, respectively. 

Expressed lime oil and distilled lime oil are used as fragrance components and fixatives (expressed oil, due to its coumarins) in cosmetics, including soaps, detergents, creams, lotions, and perfumes, with maximum use level of 1.5% reported for both oils in perfumes. 

Lime oil (distilled, expressed, and terpeneless). Distilled lime oil is official in F.C.C. 

Bitter orange oil is reported to have distinct phototoxic activity, while none is reported for expressed sweet orange oil even though both oils contain coumarins (see lime oil) ... 

Expressed - lime oil is produced from the green (unripe) lemon-like fruits, whereas distilled - lime oil is obtained from variable ratios of semi-ripe or ripe (yellow) fruits. Main producing countries today are West Indies, Mexico, Brazil and Italy. 

Exceptions to the simple definition of an essential oil are, for example, gadic oil, onion oil, mustard oil, or sweet birch oils, each of which requires enzymatic release of the volatile components before steam distillation. In addition, the physical process of expression, appHed mostly to citms fmits such as orange, lemon, and lime, yields oils that contain from 2—15% nonvolatile material. Some flowers or resinoids obtained by solvent extraction often contain only a small portion of volatile oil, but nevertheless are called essential oils. Several oils are dry-distiUed and also contain a limited amount of volatiles nonetheless they also are labeled essential oils, eg, labdanum oil and balsam oil Pern. The yield of essential oils from plants varies widely. Eor example, nutmegs yield 10—12 wt % of oil, whereas onions yield less than 0.1% after enzymatic development. 

Exceptions to the simple definition of an essential oil are, for example, garlic oil, onion oil, mustard oil, or sweet birch oils, each of which requires enzymatic release of the volatile components before steam distillation. In addition, rhe physical process of expression, applied mostly to citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, and lime, yields oils that contain from 2-15% nonvolatile material. 

A chemical name should not be a phrase. In the early days of chemistry prior to the general acceptance of atomic and subsequent theories, many substances were characterized by clumsy and inconvenient expressions derived from various associations. Examples of these would include "oil of vitriol, "butter of antimony, "cream of tartar, "flowers of zinc, "liver of sulfur, "milk of lime, "sugar of lead, "spirits of nitre, etc. Very possibly de Morveau anticipated the probability that the substances designated by such names would occasionally, by careless classification, become indexed under "oil "butter, "cream, "flowers, "liver, "milk, and "sugar, and thus be withdrawn from the chemist to the kitchen. Despite his warning, however, chemical names were frequently rendered as phrases for the next one hundred years and such forms as "acetate of sodium, "peroxide of hydrogen, and "permanganate of potash have only recently disappeared from texts and books of reference. 

The extraction process used depends on the plant. For instance, lemon or lime, orange, grape fruit, and bergamot are usually expressed because the oils are present in the peels and the oils are released when the peel is ruptured. Others, that include lavender, clary sage, chamomile, and rose geranium, are usually distilled. Some flowers, like rose, for example, are distilled and solvent extracted, resulting in either a rose absolute or rose Otto. 

In phototoxicity testing, lime essential oil processed by expression showed phototoxic effects in pigs and hairless mice, while the steam-distilled oil showed no such effects (Opdyke 1979). 

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