Life Cycle Working Environment

Life Cycle Working Environment (LCWE). It is hence the consequent further... 

Table 3 Social aspects in the working environment considered in the Life Cycle Working...

Working Environment in Life- Cycle Assessment Poulsen and Jensen, editors 2005... 

This last outcome was the starting point for the work to be done during the second part of the project. At this point, the different work packages focused on their topics, that is, in environmental fate, toxicology, risk assessment, life cycle assessment, and socioeconomic issues. The objective was to apply the different methodologies related to these fields of knowledge to the selected substances in order to assess the potential risk that they can pose to the human health and the environment. 

Larsen FIF, Hansen MS, Hauschild M (2006) Ecolabelling of printed matter. Part II life cycle assessment of model sheet fed offset printed matter. Working Report No. 24. Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen... 

Fatty alcohols, by which the author means those in the range C and above, are split into two classes, petrochemical and oleochemical, or, as they are more usually referred to, synthetic and natural. The discussion of the relative merits of synthetic vs natural products has been at the forefront of surfactant technology for many years and has produced a wealth of literature. It is beyond the scope of this work to discuss whether oleochemicals have an inherent environmental benefit over petrochemicals. A good deal of scientific study on life cycle analysis and macro environmental impact is available but social and ethical arguments, as well as the perceptions of the end consumer, also play a part. On a strictly scientific basis, the author sees no inherent advantage in either source. The performance of a surfactant based on synthetic materials may differ from a naturally derived one but neither is intrinsically better than the other. In terms of impact on humans and the environment, there is also no clear evidence to suggest a difference between the two sources of hydrophobe. 

The nanomaterials thus manufactured in different industries—particularly drugs and pharmaceuticals— might pose risks to human health and other organisms due to their composition, reactivity, and unique size. Nanotechnology research and development, particularly in medical research, work at the micro- and nanoscale levels to develop new drug delivery methods, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. In such areas of research it is equally important to consider the potential interactions of nanomaterials with the environment and the associated risks. This involves studying the effects of natural nanoparticles in the air and soil, life cycle aspects of manufactured nanomaterials, and their fate and transport. Risk assessment also includes studies... 

The following subsections will focus on the environmental assessment along the life cycle of products. Some aspects of cost aspects and social sustainability will briefly be addressed as well. Especially regarding social aspects, several approaches have aheady been presented by different research groups. However, methods are still under development. It can be expected that reliable life cycle decision support in social working environment issues will be available and practice-proven from about 2010 or 2011 onwards. 

Bengtsson G, Berglnnd R (1996) Life cycle assessment including the working environment summary of method and case studies. IVF-skript 95859... 

Schmidt A, Bruun-Poulsen P, Andresen J, Floe T, Poulsen KE (2000) Integratimi of the working environment in life cycle assessment (LCA) a new methodology. Danish EPA, Copenhagen (Guidelines from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency)... 

Antonsson A-B, Carlson H (1995) The basis for a method to integrate work environment in life cycle assessment. J Cleaner Prod 3(4) 215-220... 

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