Life Cycle Assessment inventory analysis

ISO, F.nvironmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis (ISO 14041). 

ISO 14041 1998 (1998) Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Goal and Scope Definition and Life Cycle Inventory Analysis. European Commitee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium. 

A life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, of a product or process begins with an inventory of the energy and environmental flows associated with a product from "cradle to grave" and provides information on the raw materials used from the environment, energy resources consumed, and air, water, and solid waste emissions generated. GHGs and other wastes, sinks, and emissions may then be assessed (Sheehan et ah, 1998). The net GHG emissions calculated from an LCA are usually reported per imit of product or as the carbon footprint. 

Rebitzer G, Ekvall T, Frischknecht R, Hunkeler D, Norris G, Rydberg T, Schmidt WP, Suh S, Weidema BP, Pennington DW. Life Cycle Assessment Part 1 Framework, Goal and Scope Definition, Inventory Analysis, and Applications. Environment International. 2004 30(5) 701-720. DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.005... 

ISO (1998) ISO 14041 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva... 

ISO International Standard 14041, 1999E. Environmental management—life cycle assessment—goal and scope, definition and inventory analysis. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva. 

ISO ISO/TR 14049 Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Examples of Application of ISO 14041 to Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis ISO/TR 14049 International Organization for Standardization Geneva, March 15, 2000, 2000. 

Rebitzer G, Ekvall T, Frischknecht R, etal. (2004) Life cycle assessment - Part 1 Framework, goal scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment International 30 701-720. 

The inventory data and the classified and characterized results are the ecological profile of the product or product system under study. These profiles may be used as modules for the life cycle assessment of subsequent products, for which these products are input of goods (e.g. LCl data of a steel production analysis are the basis for an LCA of a car made of tailored blanks such as building material profiles, for example, may be used to analyze buildings). A prerequisite for this is however that the methods and background data used for the modeling of the systems are identical. 

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a three-step design evaluation methodology composed of inventory profile, environmental impact assessment, and improvement analysis (Keoleian and Menerey 1994). The purpose of the inventory step is to examine the resources consumed and wastes generated at all stages of the product life cycle, including raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution, use, repair, reclamation, and waste disposal. 

Reap, J., Roman, F., Duncan, S., Bras, B., 2008. A survey of unresolved problems in life cycle assessment -Part 1 goal and scope and inventory analysis. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 13 (4), 290—300. http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/sll367-008-0008-x. 

ISO/TR 14049 2012 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis... 

Ekvall, T., Weidema, B.P., 2004. System boundaries and input data in consequential life cycle inventory analysis. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 9, 161—171. 

Rebitzer, G., Ekvall, T., Frischknecht, R., Hunkeler, D., Norris, G., Rydberg, T., Schmidt, W.-P., Sub, S., Weidema, B.P., Pennington, D.W., 2004. Life cycle assessment Part 1 framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment International 30, 701—720. 

Life-Cycle Interpretation is the phase of life-cycle assessment in which the findings of either the inventory analysis or the impact assessment, or both, are combined in consistence with the defined goal and scope in order to reach conclusions and recommendations. 

ISO. (1998). Environmental management—Life-cycle assessment— Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis (ISO 14041 1998). Intemational Standard Organization, October 1998, pp. 27. Brussels. 

It is environmentally important to perform a life cycle assessment analysis, not only for non-biodegradable polymers but also for partially biodegradable or even completely biodegradable polymers. Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a tool which helps in understanding the environmental impact associated with the products, processes and activities throughout the life of a polymer. The life cycle of vegetable oil-based polymers is shown in Rg. 2.6. Thus a complete LCA would include three separate but interrelated components, an inventory analysis, an impact analysis and an improvement analysis. 

Life cycle assessment(s) (LCA) is a tool for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with products or services. LCA involves compiling an inventory of inputs and outputs of the relevant product system, which are then evaluated, along with interpretation of the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment in relation to the objective of the study, to determine the potential impact of the product/service on the environment [19]. 

Life cycle assessment of SOFC technology is still uncommon due to the relatively early stage in technical development. However, several studies have been performed since the end of the 1990s. Since there is a lack of standard commercial equipment that could serve as a basis and reference point for analysis, LCA studies mostly refer to hypothetical concepts and/or extrapolate from laboratory and early market prototypes to commercial units. While the first studies had only little access to operation data at aU (for the fuel cell system itself but also for production processes), the main effort was set in the assessment of inventory data using assumptions, simplifications, and correlations [79, 80]. The main outcomes of these studies were the identification of weak points and the setting of benchmarks for further development. With more information about fuel cells available today and a simultaneous advancement in LCA methodology, the studies became more reliable and detailed, regarding system description [81] as well as the assessment of environmental impacts coimected with inputs and outputs [82]. Especially the extensive data of these two studies found their way to commercial databases for LCA [83] and thereby became available to LCA practitioners. In 2005, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)... 

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