Level dyeing packages

REMOL ELA exhibits excellent leveling properties. In package, beam and beck, level dyeings can be obtained even under difficult conditions such as highly compressed packages. 

SOLEGAL P Liquid is a highly effective dispersing agent. It Improves the dyebath stability, prevents filtering of disperse dyes, improves the levelness of package and beam dyeings, and prevents shade differences. 

Key words dyeing, dyes, textile fibres, dyeing quality, dyeing rate, levelness, dyeing vessels, package dyeing, dyeing automation, exhaustion profiles. 

Heane has suggested that, for a given dye-fibre combination, the important factors influencing the degree of levelness in package dyeing include ... 

The effect of the shape and density of the package in level dyeing... 

Brooks showed that, for a given flow direction within a package, the difference in concentration across the radios was found to be proportional to the overall rate of exhaustion of the dye nsed. For a constant rate of depletion of dye, this difference must be constant thronghont the dyeing. This has cast serious doubts on the linear function being the optimnm exhaustion profile. He stated that neither linear exhaustion curves nor the time-temperature profile recotmnended by dye manufacturers result in best level dyeing. He showed that exponential curves and exhaustion curves proportional to the square root of time t give superior levelness compared with previous models. 

Medley and Holdstock developed the simple depletion theory , which snggests that a non-linear profile, in which the rate of dye uptake by a layer in the package is proportional to the concentration of dye in the liquor at that position, gives the most level dyeing. 

Wai and Burley et developed a complex mathematical model using principles well known in chemical engineering. They considered the package as a packed bed chemical reactor. The processes of convection, dispersion, absorption and desorption of dye to and from the packed bed of fibres are modelled, while accoimt is also taken of the addition of dye to, and the possible removal of liquor from, the mixing tank. They further developed the model of a packed bed reactor and defined two equations for axial and radial flow processes. Example simulations showed that advantages inclnde a decreased time to reach a level dyeing and faster attainment of eqnilibrium. 

Heane D.G., Hill T.C., Park J., Shore J. (1979), Package Dyeing of Acrylic Fibre Yam Important Parameters which Influence Level Dyeing Journal of the Society of Dyers end Colourists, 95,125-42. 

Beckmann W., Hoffmann F. (1977), The Relationship Between Liquor Flow and Levelness in Package and Beam Dyeing , Textile Chemist and Colorist, 9,10,22-7. 

Hoffmann F., Mueller PF. (1979), Model Calculations on Levelness in Package Dyeing Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 95, 5,178-86. 

Because of the strong temperature dependence of exhaustion and the poor migration properties, dye absorption must be as level as possible from the start. Correspondingly, attention should be paid to uniform packaging, package density, liquor flow or movement of textile material, and controlled machine conditions. 

Legislation covers all chemicals, including dyes. Only the use of chemicals and colorants in foodstuffs, food-packaging materials, or pharmaceuticals is mentioned here. The exposure level of dyes is generally very low, but people are inadvertently exposed to dyes and other synthetic chemicals for these applications through dermal contact. Therefore, the use of colorants is especially regulated in many countries. General requirements on dyes for the incorporation into packa-... 

HOSTATEX L-PEC is a readily emulsified carrier for high temperature dyeing, in particular, for package dyeing machines. Excellent color yield and leveling are obtained. 

BURCO LUBRICANT CWN is suitable on jets. BURCO LUBRICANT CWN has leveling action reducing crossovers in package dyeing. BURCO LUBRICANT CWN improves flow on beam dye machines. 

Low odor, one-bath scour and dye carrier for jets, beams, and package dyeing. Use levels 1 to 2%. 

Nonionic emulsifier/dispersant. Prevents redeposition of surface dye in afterscour of dyed and printed fabrics. Offers excellent leveling and reduced cross-staining in polyester and polyester/cotton package. 

De-aerating, wetting, and dye leveling agent for package or raw stock dyeing—anionic. 

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