Leaks ethylene

All sources of ignition should be eliminated at once. If practical, a leaking ethylene cylinder should be moved to a safe area and plainly tagged as defective. Warnings should be posted in the area to prevent persons from approaching the cylinder with lit cigarettes or open flames. 

A leak of ethylene from a bad joint on a high pressure plant was ignited by an unknown cause ami exploded, kil ling four men and causing extensive damage. 

An ethylene compressor was shut down for maintenance and correctly isolated by slip-plates. When repairs were complete, the slip-plates were removed before the machine was tried out. During the tryout, some ethylene leaked through the closed isolation valves into the machine. The ethylene/air mixture was ignited, either by a hot spot in the machine or by copper acetylide on the copper valve gaskets. The compressor was severely damaged. 

Failures of level glasses and sight glasses have caused many serious incidents. A leak of ethylene and an explosion that destroyed a plant may have been due to a level glass failure [2],... 

An explosive decomposition in an ethylene oxide (EO) distillation column, similar in its results to that described in Section 7.3.2, may have been set off by polymerization of EO in a dead-end spot in the column base where rust, a polymerization catalyst, had accumulated. Such deadends should be avoided. However, it is more likely that a flange leaked the leaking gas ignited and heated an area of the column above the temperature at which spontaneous decomposition occurs. The source of ignition of the leak may have been reaction with the insulation, as described... 

When changing the kind of acids with relatively higher lipophilicity, the efficiency of transport is lowered by the leak reaction based on their ease of transfer across the liquid membrane 16). (Table 3) It is noteworthy that 12, which has trimethylene chains, shows selectivity for Li+ much better than 13, which has ethylene chains 17). (Table 4)... 

NOTE Glycol selection should also take into account the risk of leaks to the environment and the ultimate safe disposal of the material. Propylene glycol is a safer alternative to ethylene glycol because of its very low mammalian toxicity. 

If a significant volume of gas (caused by a leak, for example) is exposed to an ignition source and this gas is mixed with air in proportions that are close to stoichiometric, the gas cloud can cause a lot of damage when it gives rise to a detonation. The accident at Flixborough is one example. The lower explosive limit of hydrocarbons is extremely low. If the carbon chain length exceeds 8, the autoinflammation temperature of a linear hydrocarbon is close to 200°C. All these parameters decrease with pressure. The table below shows to which extent pressure influences the AIT of ethylene ... 

Anon., CISHC Chem. Safety Summ., 1974-5, 45—46, 2-3 Two horns after a road tanker had crashed, causing the load of liquid ethylene to leak, one of the tyres of the tanker burst and ignited the spill, eventually causing the whole tanker to explode. The tyre failed because it froze and became embrittled, and it is known that such failure of steel-braced tyres gives off showers of sparks. This could therefore be a common ignition source in cryogenic transportation spillage incidents. 

Automatic equipment promptly detected the hazardous vapor and operated the automatic high-density water-spray system, which was designed to wash the ethylene from the atmosphere. The leak was too large for the spray system to handle. 

Glycol/water mixture leaks from jacket into blender, reacts with aluminum powder and sodium hydrosulfite, and initiates exothermic decomposition No—N2 atmosphere, confinement in blender R NOAA Worksheet indicates combining sodium hydrosulfite with ethylene glycol is "explosive due to vigorous reaction or reaction products may produce detonation," "may cause fire," and indicates "flammable gas generation" and "heat generation by chemical reaction, may cause pressurization"... 

The formation of polyolefins was first discovered by the occasional and unexpected loss in pressure in high-pressure tanks containing ethylene. The tank did not seem to have a leak so the scientists cut it open and discovered white solid on the walls. Somehow the tanks occasionally contained certain impurihes that initiated free-radical polymerizahon. This was the first successful commercial polymer, and it is stiU the largest-volume polymer. 

Lithium polymer batteries are similar in principle to the lithium batteries described above but the electrolyte is a polymer. The advantage of these batteries is the absence of liquid in the cell and so the batteries do not leak. The polymer electrolyte is a polymer-alkali metal salt complex. The best known such electrolytes are complexes of poly (ethylene) oxide (PEO). 

Cant and Hall (13) suggest a mechanism of leaking D into the zeolite by exchange with acidic OH via 1 1 complex of ethylene. For D2, D is presumably leaking into the pool of rapidly moving H. Imanaka et al. (12) suggest that a triatomic intermediate is formed with the hydroxyls. If this is true for the supercage hydroxyls, the residence time of D2 on the surface site occupied by a proton should be on the order of 10-6 sec to have a chance to capture the proton (23, 25). 

Lossing, Ingold, and Tickner287 slowly flowed mixtures of ethylene oxide and nitric oxide, in a He diluent, into a heated quartz tube with a pinhole leak to a mass spectrometer. They measured the decrease, resulting from the addition of NO, in both CH4 and CH3. In this way, they could follow the competition between reaction (7) and... 

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