Landfill recycled

Before 90 days is up hazardous waste is picked up for disposal. This will require a manifest. A manifest is the tracking document behind the entire RCRA cradle-to-grave concept. It is the official DOT shipping document that tracks a waste shipment from the time it is loaded on the transporter s vehicle until it is disposed (incinerated, fuel blended, landfilled, recycled, etc.). The manifest carries with it legal liability for the person who signs the document from the generating facility. 

Invista, based in Calhoun, GA, has been recycling carpet since 1991. It will collect and reclaim any used carpet, as well as installation scraps, from any manufacturer, and guarantees that no material will be sent to landfill. Recycled materials are used in manufacture of new carpet, carpet cushions, filtration devices, automotive parts, packaging materials, and furniture. Users must pay for the service. ... 

What has been occurring in the United States even more so internationally is extensive R D in producing new equipment for handling and processing all types of waste, from pickup to the final stage of landfill, recycling, or incineration. 

In the United States, 1908 MSW landfills were in operation during 2008. A total of 289.5 million tons of solid debris were collected and buried in landfill, recycled, or composted. Approximately, 69% of the solid debris was buried in landfill, 24% was recycled and composted, and 7% was combusted via waste-to-energy. Table 2.7 lists the regional disposal of MSW at landfills during 2008 (van Haaren et al. 2010). 

Region Landfills (%) Recycling/composting (%) Waste-to-energy (%)... 

Waste management system Which waste treatment process/es has/have been assumed i.e., what are the shares of waste landfilled, recycled, incinerated without energy recovery, fed to waste-to-energy facilities, composted, digested and/or disposed of via sewage treatment ... 

Heavy metals often can be removed effectively by chemical precipitation in the form of carbonates, hydroxides, or sulfides. Sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, and calcium oxide are all used as precipitation agents. The solids precipitate as a floe containing a large amount of water in the structure. The precipitated solids need to be separated by thickening or filtration and recycled if possible. If recycling is not possible, then the solids are usually disposed of to a landfill. 

Of the 200 million tons of municipal solid waste collected in the United States in 1993 (1), 22% was recycled while 62% was placed in landfills and 16% incinerated (2). Plastics comprised 9.3% of these materials. The number of U.S. residential collection programs increased from 1,000 in 1988 to more than 7,000 involving more than 100 million people in 1993 (2). Approximate 1994 U.S. recycling rates are given in Table 1. 

In 1993, over 41 million pounds of polystyrene was recycled into new plastics products in the U.S. (77). Eor commingled plastics, gasification comes closest to competing with low cost landfilling (57). 

Off-gases (top gas) leave the top of the furnace through uptake pipes, reverse direction ia the downcomer, and enter the dust catcher, ia which condensed water and dust are separated from the gases. The wet dust is emptied iato a rail car for transport to a siater plant for recycle or to a landfill. 

N2, and traces of PH, CO2, E, and S large furnaces generate off-gas at a rate of about 120—180 m /min. In most installations the off-gas is passed through a series of Cottrell electrostatic precipitators which remove 80—95% of the dust particles. The precipitators ate operated at temperatures above the 180°C dew point of the phosphoms. The collected dust is either handled as a water slurry or treated dry. Einal disposal is to a landfill or the dust is partially recycled back to the process. The phosphoms is typically condensed in closed spray towers that maintain spray water temperatures between 20 and 60°C. The condensed product along with the accompanying spray water is processed in sumps where the water is separated and recycled to the spray condenser, and the phosphoms and impurities ate settled for subsequent purification. 

Fig. 3. Materials recovery, composting, combustion, and discards of municipal solid waste from 1969 to 2000 (1995—2000 estimated) as a fraction of total generation, where A represents landfill and other B, combustion C, recovery for recycling and D, recovery for composting.

Shredding operations may also include apphances (white goods) which are being recycled in increasing quantities at least partiy because of the banning of apphances from landfills in many states. The recycling rate for apphances in 1994 was 70% compared to 62% in 1993 when 1.4 million t of ferrous scrap was recovered from 36 million apphances. The recycling rate was 55% in 1992 (10,11). 

Glass is a material having properties that provide attributes for many commercial products. As some of these products reach the end of thek useful life and are discarded, there is often the opportunity to have the glass recycled into other useful products. In many respects, this alternative is preferred over the glass entering a municipal waste stream for landfill disposal. 

In 1993, nearly 36 million tons of paper were recovered in the United States, twice as much as in 1980 (54). Eor the first time, more paper was recovered in the United States than landfilled. As a result, 11 million fewer tons of paper were landfilled in the United States in 1993 than in 1987. This saved more than 69 X 10 m (90 x 10 yd ) of landfill space. In 1995, recovered paper accounted for 31.5% of the fiber used to manufacture 84.1 million metric tons of paper products (54). Annual capital spending for paper recycling projects from 1995 to the year 2000 is estimated to average 2 biUion (55). The American Eorest Paper Association (AE PA) estimates U.S. consumption of recovered paper will increase 4.9% per year through the year 2000, nearly twice the total paper industry capacity growth rate (56). Consumption of recovered paper in U.S. mills in 1997 is estimated at 35.6 million tons (57). 

---