Carpet cushioning

Schaeffer, V. H., B. Bhooshan, S.-B. Chen, J. S. Sonenthal, and A. T. Hodgson, Characterization of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Carpet Cushions, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 46, 813-820 (1996). 

Indoor pollution sources that release VOCs into the air are mainly solvent coatings for woodenware, interior architectural coatings, adhesives, wood-based furniture, carpets, and carpet cushions used in indoor decorating and refurbishing materials. 

Limit of harmful substances emitted from carpets, carpet cushions, and adhesives... 

Thanol . [Aico] Polyols for prod, of urethane foams, carpet cushioning, rigid foams for builtog insolation, n oam urethanes for sealants, adhesives, elastomers, industrial and consumer coatings. 

Invista, based in Calhoun, GA, has been recycling carpet since 1991. It will collect and reclaim any used carpet, as well as installation scraps, from any manufacturer, and guarantees that no material will be sent to landfill. Recycled materials are used in manufacture of new carpet, carpet cushions, filtration devices, automotive parts, packaging materials, and furniture. Users must pay for the service. ... 

Method D Dynamic fatigue test for carpet cushion... 

Method D, the dynamic fatigue test for carpet cushion, was developed to evaluate the specimen by repeatedly deflecting the carpet cushion by a rubber-covered roller exerting a specified force on the test specimens. The test determines the retention of force support at 65% compression force deflection (CFD), loss of thickness, and structural breakdown as determined by visual inspection. 

Unmodified Modified Sheet Standard cushioning Carpet underlay High resilience type PVC b Liquid Sheet ... 

Cellular mbber has been used extensively as shoe soles, where its combination of cushioning abiUty and wear resistance, coupled with desirable economics, has led to very wide acceptance. In this case the cushioning properties are of minor importance compared with the abrasion resistance and cost. Other significant cushioning appHcations for cellular mbbers and latex foam mbbers are as carpet underlay and as cushion padding ia athletic equipment. 

Applications. Carpet undedayment as just descdbed is a substantial market. Most furniture cushioning is made from blocks of slab-produced polyurethane foam in the density range of 16 to 29 kg/m (1.0—1.8 lbs /fT). A minor portion of the market, 9—14 thousands of metric tons (20—30 million pounds) uses 40 kg/m (2.5 lbs/fT) high resident (HR) foam for higher pnced furniture cushions. The furniture market for polyurethane foams grew strongly until saturation occurred around 1979. Market use now tends to reflect the current economic trends. 

The products from the continuous process (buns) are cut to shape for the particular appflcation, while the molded foams ate formed to shape during the mol ding process. The density of the continuous buns is traditionally between 16-32 kg/m (1-2 Ibs/ft ). Molded foams have densities greater than 32 kg/m. Flexible foams find appHcafions as automotive cushions, carpet underlay, furniture, seating, and bedding. 

Resilience of textile fabrics when compressed in the bent state is related to wrinkle resistance and retention of shape, drape, and hand. Resilience is an important parameter for evaluating blankets, wearing apparel in which warmth is a factor, pUe fabrics including carpets, and bulk fiber utilization in mattresses, cushions, etc. The general method for determining compressional resilience is to compress and unload the material cycHcahy, creating a plot of compressive force versus fabric thickness. 

Two other derivatives of toluene are the important explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the polyurethane monomer toluene diisocyanate (TDI). TNT requires complete nitration of toluene. TDI is derived from a mixture of dinitrotoluenes (usually 80% o,p and 20% o,o) by reduction to the diamine and reaction with phosgene to the diisocyanate. TDI is made into flexible foam polyurethanes for cushioning in furniture (35%), transportation (25%), carpet underlay (20%), and bedding (10%). A small amount is used in polyurethane coatings, rigid foams, and elastomers. 

Polyurethane, which is an important ingredient in a wide variety of household products including carpet, padding, furniture cushions, sheet foam, varnishes,... 

Flexible Flexible polyurethanes find many domestic applications such as mattresses, cushions, and carpet padding. This style of foam is normally bulk-processed and needs a large area for the finished product because of its very low density. 

Toluene diisocyanate is made into flexible foam polyurethanes for cushioning in furniture, automobiles, carpets, bedding, polyurethane coatings, rigid foams, and elastomers. 

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is polymerized with diols to produce polyurethanes, which are used to make flexible foam for furniture cushions, mattresses, and carpet pads. 

The annual U.S. production of TDI was 960 million lb in 1999. Most of the TDI is reacted with polyols to produce flexible polyurethane foams. These foams are widely used as cushioning materials in furniture, automobiles, carpets, and bedding. A small amount of TDI is used to make polyurethane coatings. Polyurethanes are discussed in detail in Chapter 15. 

Furniture Transportation Comfort cushioning Carpet underlay Packaging Textiles... 

ASTM D 3676-78 (1989) Standard Specification for Rubber Cellular Cushion Used for Carpet or Rug Underlay, 3 pp (Comm D-11)... 

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