Lacty

Streptococcus Streptococcus 2040 Streptococcus cremoris Streptococcus lactis StreptococcusOK 432... 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well characterized biochemically and genetically and was the organism of choice for most of the eady experiments. However, heterologous expression seems to be better in some of the industrial strains of yeasts such as Pichiapastoris Hansenulapolymorpha Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica (25—28). 

Cultured buttermilk is that which is produced by the fermentation (qv) of skimmed milk often with some cream added. The principal fermentation organisms used are l ctococcus lactis suhsp. cremoris l ctococcus lactis suhsp. lactis and l euconostoc citrovorum. The effect of the high processing temperature and the lactic acid provide an easily digestible product. 

Processes employing Toru/opsis yjlinus (55), Hansenu/apoljmorpha (56), Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (57), A.chromobactor butrii (58), Micrococcus lactis (59), Streptomjces testaceus (60), and others have also been patented. These procedures yield, at most, several hundred milligrams of riboflavin per Hter. 

Fermentations in larger vessels and the final trade fermentation are conducted under quasi-stetile conditions, and yeast growth is accompanied by some growth of contaminant bacteria. These are generally lactic acid-producing organisms but are sometimes coHform bacteria the occurrence of Salmonella in fermentor Hquids has not been reported. Massive contamination with Oidium lactis or wild yeasts has been reported. 

Lactic acid bacteria are common contaminants of distillers fermentations. E. lactis may produce excessive amounts of volatile acids. Some species convert glycerol to fdpropionaldehyde which may break down to acrolein during distillation, producing an acrid odor. 

Yeast. Several yeast species, including Saccharomjces cerevisiae (baker s yeast) and Klujveromjces lactis are good candidates for the production of certain industrial enzymes, although their abiUty to secrete is much inferior to Bacilli 2in.d Yispergilli. The best-known example of K. lactis is used for commercial production of chymosin [9001-98-3]. 

Nisin [1414-45-5] M 3354.2. Polypeptide from 5. lactis. Crystd from EtOH. J 52 529 1952 synthesis by Fukase et al. Tetrahedron Lett 29 795 1988.]... 

Addition of acetic or mineral acid to skimmed milk to reduce the pH value to 4.6, the isoelectric point, will cause the casein to precipitate. As calcium salts have a buffer action on the pH, somewhat more than the theoretical amount of acid must be used. Lactic acid produced in the process of milk souring by fermentation of the lactoses present by the bacterium Streptococcus lactis will lead to a similar precipitation. 

Figure 4.4 The production of whey protein and Kluyveromyces lactis from whey.

Poly(L-lactic acid) Lacty Shimadzu Environmental, biomedical b... 

L-Lactate. See Poly(L-lactate) (PLLA) Lactone polymerization, 84 Lacty, 28... 

Chitooligomers set free by hydrolases become carbon sources for the growth of intestinal bacteria. Lactobacillus lactis utilizes the oligomers (GlcNAc)i-6, the monomer and dimer being bifidogenic substances [261 -263]. 

Figure 2. Relative toxicity (LD50 and LD qq) estimates for actiniid sea anemone toxins upon crabs (Carcimis maenas) and mice. Values for Anemonia sulcata (As) and Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Ax) toxins are from ref. 24 data for Condylactis gigantea and Phyl-lactis flosculifera toxins are unpublished (Kem). The arrows indicate that the real mouse LD q values for Cg II and Pf II must exceed the values indicated in the Ogure. Although insufficient data are presently available to quantitatively define a relationship between mammalian and crustacean toxicity, it seems that there is usually an inverse relationship, which may be approximately defined by the stipple zone.

Ganesan B, P Dobrowski, BC Weimer (2006) Identification of the leucine-to-2-methylbutyric acid catabolic pathway of Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 4264-4273. 

Eederici E, B Vitali, R Gotti, MR Pasca, S Gobbi, AB Peck, P Brigidi (2004) Characterization and heterologous expression of the oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase gene from Bifidobacterium lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 5066-5073. 

T Niwa, H Takeuchi, T Hino, N Kunou, Y Kawa-shima. Preparations of biodegradable nanospheres of water-soluble and insoluble drugs with d,l-lacti-de/glycolide copolymer by a novel spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method, and the drug release behavior. J Control Rel 25 89-98, 1993. 

Farkade VD, Harrison STL, Pandit AB (2006) Improved cavitational cell disruption following pH pretreatment for the extraction of P-galactosidase from Kluveromyces lactis. Biochem Eng J 31 25-30... 

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