Streptococcus cremoris

Streptococcus Streptococcus 2040 Streptococcus cremoris Streptococcus lactis StreptococcusOK 432... 

Traditionally, butter was made by allowing cream to separate from the milk by standing the milk in shallow pans. The cream is then churned to produce a water in oil emulsion. Typically butter contains 15% of water. Butter is normally made either sweet cream or lactic, also known as cultured, and with or without added salt. Lactic butter is made by adding a culture, usually a mixture of Streptococcus cremoris, S. diacetylactis and Betacoccus cremoris. The culture produces lactic acid as well as various flavouring compounds, e.g. diacetyl, which is commonly present at around 3 ppm. As well as any flavour effect the lactic acid inhibits any undesirable microbiological activity in the aqueous phase of the butter. Sweet cream butter has no such culture added but 1.5 to 3% of salt is normally added. This inhibits microbiological problems by reducing the water activity of the aqueous phase. It is perfectly possible to make salted lactic butter or unsalted sweet cream butter if required. In the UK most butter is sweet cream while in continental Europe most butter is lactic. 

Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus plantarum Streptococcus cremoris Streptococcus lactis... 

Cousin, M. A. and Marth, E. H. 1977C. Lactic acid production by Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris in milk precultured with psychrotrophic bacteria. J. Food Prot. 40, 406-410. 

Exterkate, F. A. 1975. An introductory study of the proteolytic system of Streptococcus cremoris strain HP. Neth. Milk Dairy J. 29, 303-318. 

Exterkate, F. A. 1979. Accumulation of proteinase in the cell wall of Streptococcus cremoris strain AM, and regulation of its production. Arch. Microbiol 120, 247-254. 

Exterkate, F. A. 1984. Location of peptidases outside and inside the membrane of Streptococcus cremoris. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 47, 177-183. 

Farrow, J. A. E. 1980. Lactose hydrolysing enzymes in Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris and also in some other species of streptococci. J. Appl Bacteriol 49, 493-503. 

Johnson, K. G. and McDonald, I. J. 1974. (3-D-Phosphogalactosidase galactohydrolase from Streptococcus cremoris HP Purification and properties. J. BacterioL 117, 667-674. 

Jonas, H. A., Anders, R. F. and Jago, G. R. 1972. Factors affecting the activity of lactate dehydrogenase of Streptococcus cremoris. J. BacterioL 111, 397-403. 

Larsen, L. D. and McKay, L. L. 1978. Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA in Streptococcus cremoris. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 36, 944-952. 

Otto, R., Devos, W. M. and Gavrieli, J. 1981. Plasmid DNA in Streptococcus cremoris Wg2 Influence of pH on selection in chemostats of a variant lacking a protease plasmid. Appl Environ. Microbiol 43, 1272-1277. 

Thomas, T. D. 1975. Tagatose-1,6-diphosphate activation of lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus cremoris. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 1035-1042. Thomas, T. D. 1976A. Activator specificity of pyruvate kinase from lactic streptococci. J. BacterioL 125, 1240-1242. 

Thomas, T. D., Turner, K. W. and Crow, V. L. 1980. Galactose fermentation by Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris Pathways, products, and regulation. J. Bacteriol. 144, 672-682. 

G. Davey, B. C. Richardson, Purification and some properties of diplococcin from Streptococcus cremoris 346, Appl. Environ. Microb., 41 (1981), 84-89. 

Ten Brink, B., Otto, R., Hansen, U.P., and Konings, W.N. 1985. Energy recycling by lactate efflux in growing and nongrowing cells of Streptococcus cremoris. J. Bacteriol. 162, 383-390. 

Figure 6. IPG-DALT of membranes from Streptococcus cremoris solubilized with urea and Nonidet P40. 1st dimension IPG in the pH range 4-8, 2nd dimension SDS-electrophoresis in a 10-17.5% polyacrylamide gradient (Unpublished).

Diplococcin Streptococcus lactis Streptococcus cremoris, gram-pos. bacteria Arg, unidentified amino acids 516... 

Booth, M., Ni Fhaolain, I., Jennings, P. V., and O Cuinn, G. (1990a). Purification and characterization of a post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Streptococcus cremoris AM2. J. Dairy Res. 57,89-99. 

Exterkate, F. A. (1977). Pyrrolidone carboxylyl peptidase in Streptococcus cremoris Dependence on the interaction with membrane components. J. Bacteriol. 129,1281-1288. 

Exterkate, F. A., and de Veer, G. J. C. M. (1987). Purification and some properties of a membrane-bound aminopeptidase A from Streptococcus cremoris. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. S3, 577-583. 

Feirtag, J. M.. and McKay, L. L. (1987). Thermoinducable lysis of temperature sensitive Streptococcus cremoris strains. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 1779-1784. 

Geis, A., Bockelmann, W., and Teuber, M. (1985). Simultaneous extraction and purification of a cell wall-associated peptidase and B-casein specific protease from Streptococcus cremoris ACl. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23, 79-84. 

Hwang, I.-K., Kaminogawa, S., and Yamauchi, K. (1981). Purification and properties of a dipeptidase from Streptococcus cremoris. Agric. Biol. Chem. 45, 159-165. 

Kamaly, K. M., El-Soda, M., and Marth, E. H, (1988). Esterolytic activity of Streptococcus lactis. Streptococcus cremoris and their mutants. Milchwissenschaft 43, 346-349. 

Kaminogawa, S., Yan T. R., Azuma, N., and Yamauchi, K. (1986). Identification of low molecular weight peptides in Gouda-type cheese and evidence for the formation of these peptides from 23 N-terminal residues of a,i-casein by proteinases of Streptococcus cremoris H61. J. Food Sci 51, 1253-1256. 

Kok, J., Leenhouts, C. J., Haandrikman, A. J., Ledeboer, A. M., and Venema, G. (1988). Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the cell wall bound proteinase of Streptococcus cremoris Wg2. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 231-238. 

Davey GP (1981) Mode of action of diplococcin, a bacteriocin from Streptococcus cremoris 346. NZJ Dairy Sci Technol 16 187-190... 

Zajdel JK, Ceglowski P, Dobrzanski WT (1985) Mechanism of action of lactostrepcin 5, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus cremoris. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 969-974... 

Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus camosus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus avium Streptococcus cremoris Streptococcus dorans Streptococcus equisimilis Streptococcusfaecalis Streptococcus ferus Streptococcus lactis Streptococcus ferns Streptococcus mitior Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus salivarious Streptococcus sanguis Streptococcus sobrinus Streptococcus thermophylus... 

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