Laboratory research United States

Drug Research and Testing Laboratory, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

The financial support that made the Workshop possible is gratefully acknowledged. The primary sponsorship of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division provided the major portion of funding, and also the critical first funding, so that plans and commitments could be established. We also wish to thank the following co-sponsors for their contribution to the success of this workshop European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Office of Naval Research International Field Office, UES, Inc., and... 

Edgar C. Bain Laboratory For Fundamental Research United States Steel Corporation Research Center Monroeville, Pennsylvania... 

High Energy BaUery Systems based on Propylene Carbonate by R. Jasinski, Scientific Report No. 2 prepared for Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, Bedford, Mass., AFCRL-69-0381, July 1969. 

Uses. Silver fluoride has found many laboratory and special industrial appHcations. It is used as a soft (nHld) fluorinating agent for selective fluorination (7—17), as a cathode material in batteries (qv) (18), and as an antimicrobial agent (19). Silver fluoride is commercially available from Advance Research Chemicals, Inc., Aldrich Chemicals, Cerac Corp., Johnson/Matthey, PCR, Atochem, and other sources in the United States. The U.S. price of silver fluoride in 1993 was 1000— 1400/kg and the total U.S. consumption was less than 200 kg/yr. 

Feedstock Development. Most of the research in process in the United States in the early 1990s on the selection of suitable biomass species for energy appHcations is limited to laboratory studies and small-scale test plots. Many of the research programs on feedstock development were started in the 1970s or early 1980s. 

Supercomputers are found in many government research laboratories, intelligence agencies, universities, and a small number of industrial companies. In the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has provided supercomputers to several prominent universities for both academic and industrial users. These centers provide state-of-the-art, supercomputer-tuned appHcations for a wide variety of disciplines, together with staffs who are very knowledgeable in optimization for supercomputer performance. 

Durihg recent years a considerable amount of re-.search has been undertaken to understand what in the makeup of a polymer affects the processability. In the late 1980s, the Rubber Manufacturers Association in the United States undertook a research project with the Department of Polymer Engineering at the University of Akron to evaluate the laboratory equipment available using specially made butadiene-acrylonitrile polymers with different acrylonitrile levels, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions. The results from the study confirmed that, from the processing variables viewpoint, the major factors are frequency (shear rate), temperature (temperature), and deformation (strain). 

Reluctantly, in 1929 Ipatieff left his homeland for the United States. He remained at UOP for the remainder of his life. Northwestern University, which had close ties to UOP, appointed Ipatieff to a professorship and directorship of the university s high-pressure research laboratory. 

The Department of Energy operates seventeen major national laboratories and thirteen minor facilities in the United States that cany out energy research and development, basic science, and defense weapons work. The combined budgets for these laboratories exceed 6 billion annually, with a scientific and technical staff of more than thirty-thousand. 

The photoelectric effect (the creation of an electrical current when light shines on a photosensitive material connected m an electrical circuit) was first obseiwed in 1839 by the French scientist Edward Becqiierel. More than one hundred years went by before researchers in the United States Bell Laboratories developed the first modern PV cell in 1954. Four years later, PV was used to power a satellite in space and has provided reliable electric power for space exploration ever since. 

The research in this paper has been sponsored in part by King Gustaf VI Adolf s 70-Years Fund for Swedish Culture, Knut and Alice Wallenberg s Foundation, the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, the Texas-Swedish Cultural Foundation, and in part by the Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center of the Air Research and Development Command, United States Air Force, through its European Office under a contract with Uppsala University. 

The Bureau of Mines, within the Department of the Interior, funds a substantial amount of chemical engineering research in its in-house laboratories, particularly in the area of hydrometallrugical separation processes. The U.S. minerals industry is currently in a depressed state typified by diminished research efforts within industrial laboratories and, in some cases, wholesale termination of research operations. As a result, new researchers have bleak prospects for industrial employment. At the same time, the United States cannot afford to lose a professional generation of research persormel in an area that would be of critical importance if foreign supplies of certain metals were interrupted. 

EPA = Environmental Protection Agency DWEL = Drinking Water Equivalent Level ODW = Office of Drinking Water RfD = reference dose USAMBRDL = United States Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory... 

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