Labor Milk”

Oxytocin (peptide) Posterior Pituitary Breasts, uterus Stimulates labor, milk flow... 

The leading states in milk production in decreasing order are Wisconsin, Minnesota, New York, California, and Pennsylvania. These states produce - 45% of the U.S. milk supply. Less than 5% of the total production is used on farms and the remainder is sold for commercial purposes. Whereas milk and cream were formerly shipped in 19-, 30-, or 38-L cans from the farm to the plant, in the 1990s most commercial production, particularly for fluid milk, is moved in bulk from the cows to refrigerated farm tanks to insulated bulk tmck tankers and to the manufacturing plant. The investment in equipment and the cost of hired labor are associated with large, capital-intensive production centers. 

The posterior pituitary is innervated by direct nervous stimulation from the hypothalamus, resulting in the release of specific hormones. The hypothalamus synthesizes two hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are stored in and released from the posterior pituitary lobe. Oxytocin exerts two actions (1) it promotes uterine contractions during labor, and (2) it contracts the smooth muscles in the breast to stimulate the release of milk from the mammary gland during lactation. Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) essential for proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Specifically, vasopressin increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the nephrons to water. This causes the kidney to excrete less water in the urine. Consequently, the urine becomes more concentrated as water is conserved. 

Oxytocin may be given by intravenous infusion (e.g., labor induction), intramuscular injection (e.g., control of postpartum bleeding), or as a nasal spray (e.g., to promote milk ejection). 

Cuba. Hot water extract of the seed is taken orally by males as an anaphrodisiac k Haiti. Decoction of the grilled fruit and leaf is taken orally for anemia, edema, asthenia, and rage. The fruit is taken orally for hepatitis and liver troubles. The soaked fruit is used externally for nervous shock. For headache, the leaf decoction is taken orally or the leaf is applied to the head h Mexico, The leaves are made into a poultice and used to treat fever . Hot water extract of the roasted seed is taken orally by nursing mothers to increase milk production h Nicaragua. Leaves are used externally for headache, and the hot water extract is taken orally for stomach pain . Decoction of the seed is taken orally for fever and used externally for cuts and hemorrhage L Peru. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is taken orally as a stimulant for sleepiness and drunkenness h Infusion of the leaf is taken orally to induce labor, and the hot water extract is taken orally as an antitus-sive in flu and lung ailments . 

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that participates in labor and delivery and elicits milk ejection in lactating women. During the second half of pregnancy, uterine smooth muscle shows an increase in the expression of oxytocin receptors and becomes increasingly sensitive to the stimulant action of endogenous oxytocin. Pharmacologic concentrations of oxytocin powerfully stimulate uterine contraction. 

In the manufacture of ordinary stoneware vessels, such as jars for preserves or pickles, milk pans, et cetera, the process of decanting the ofay from, water Would be too costly, and tho coarser impurities which might interfere with the formation of the ware, are therefore either removed by repeated kneadinga and treading out of the mass by manual labor, or separated by passing the clay through the. pay will—see Earthenware. 

OXYTOCIN. A polypeptide hormone which is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland of mammals and other vertebrates. Oxytocin exerts a stimulating effect upon the muscles of the breast (milk-ejection) and those of the uterus of mammals. It is sometimes used medically to stimulate labor in cases of difficult childbirth and to time the onset of labor. 

Proteinaceous drugs such as insulin for diabetes mellitus, growth hormone for hypopituitary dwarfism, and oxytocin in dysfunctional labor are destroyed in the stomach, and therefore are not given orally. The first drug in milk will be obtained from transgenic goat, owned by GTC Bio-... 

Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare Continuing biomonitoring projects, including study of umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, milk. 

Impaired milk ejection may respond to nasal oxytocin. Synthetic peptide and nonpeptide oxytocin antagonists that can prevent premature labor are being investigated. 

Oxytocin is frequently given to induce and maintain labor after the cervix has ripened naturally or with the aid of misoprostol. For induction of labor, oxytocin should be administered intravenously via an infusion pump with appropriate fetal and maternal monitoring. An initial infusion rate of 1 mU/min is increased every 15-30 minutes until a physiologic contraction pattern is established. The maximum infusion rate is 20 mU/min. For postpartum uterine bleeding, 10-40 units is added to 1 L of 5% dextrose, and the infusion rate is titrated to control uterine atony. Alternatively, 10 units can be given intramuscularly after delivery of the placenta. To induce milk let-down, one puff is sprayed into each nostril in the sitting position 2-3 minutes before nursing. 

The immunomodulative effect of lactic acid rods is invaluable. It has been observed that administering Lactobacillus GG to women during pregnancy and after labor increased milk IL 10 and TGI P concentration and in breastfed children decreased the occurrence of atopic eczema (Isolauri et al., 2000). 

Oxytocin is used in obstetrics to induce labor, e.g. to maintain the uterine contractions during birth, and to promote the evacuation of milk. The most important therapeutic use of vasopressin is based on its antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus (e.g. l-desamino-D-Arg8-vasopressin as a nasal spray92 ). 

The function of oxytocin is to cause uterine contraction and the release of milk from the mammary glands. As with prolactin, suckling, via the neural pathways, induces oxytocin secretion by the neurohypophysis. Blood oxytocin levels increase greatly just before parturition. Oxytocin is used as a drug to induce labor in pregnant women at term. 

Oxytcxrin preparations are widely used with or without umniotomy to induce and stimulate labor. Although injection Is the u.sual mute of administration, the sublingual route is extremely effective. Sublingual and intranasal spray (Oxytocin Nasal Solution. USP) routes of administration also will stimuliile milk letdown. 

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide secreted by the magnicellular neurons of the hypothalamus and stored in the neurohypophysis along with AVP. It promotes uterine contractions and milk ejection and contributes to the second stage of labor. 

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