Biochemical data

The goal of this chapter is to review recent morphologic studies in which current anatomic me ods have been used to characterize the neurotoxic effects of psychoactive amphetamine derivatives. Several strategies combining anatomic with biochemical data have been employed to analyze the effects of selected drugs in this class. These studies show that psychoactive drugs that have selective neurotoxic effects can be useful experimental tools to study the neural mechanisms of elusive brain functions such as affective state control and perceptual integration. 

Although there has been a substantial body of pharmacological evidence in support of the monoamine theory of depression, clinical biochemical data have been less convincing (Luchins, 1976) this is where differences in the concentrations of NA and 5-HT and their metabolites or hormones, which are ultimately under the control of brain monoaminergic neurons (neuroendocrine markers), have been compared between depressed patients and normal controls. However, by the early 1970s a major difficulty with the theory was becoming apparent this was the time lag between the immediate... 

Structural properties of both AFA-PLN and WT-PLN bound to SER-CAla after reconstitution in a functional lipid bilayer environment were examined by 13C solid-state NMR.241 Chemical-shift assignments in all domains of AFA-PLN provide direct evidence for the presence of two terminal ot-helices connected by a linker region of reduced structural order that differs from previous findings on free PLN. A combination of the spectroscopic data with biophysical and biochemical data using flexible protein-protein docking simulations provides a structural basis for understanding the interaction between PLN and SERCala.244 Using a... 

Volume 224. Molecular Evolution Producing the Biochemical Data Edited by Elizabeth Anne Zimmer, Thomas J. White, Rebecca L. Cann, and Allan C. Wilson... 

One point that arises from study of these E2-E3 structures, is that there is a degree of specificity in their physical interactions. The biochemical data extends the idea of physical specificity in E2-E3 interactions to functional specificity. An example of this is the Brcal-Bardl heterodimer, which interacts physically with UbcH7 and UbcHSC, but is only active with UbcHSC. There appear to be two consequences of E2 specificity variability in the strength of a particular E3 response and variability in the type of ubiquitin modification. 

Although extensive biochemical data on both the bacterial and eukaryotic ATP-dependent proteases are available, the characterization of these proteolytic machines at atomic resolution has proven difficult, because of both the large size of these complexes and their lability to proteolysis and dissociation. No structural data at all are currently available for Lon and the mitochondrial ATP-dependent proteases. In the case of the cytosolic, membrane-integrated bacterial protease FtsH, atomic resolution data are available only for the ATPase domain (Krzywda et al. 2002 Niwa et al. 2002). In contrast, the ATP-dependent activators of the ClpAP and ClpXP proteolytic machines have so far resisted crystallization. Atomic resolution data are available only for the proteolytic component ClpP (Wang et al. 1997), and separately for a ClpX monomer (Kim and Kim 2003) and a ClpA monomer (Guo et al. 2002b). 

The authors Stahley and Strobek believe that this two-metal ion intermediate describes the catalytic site bonding characteristics better than that of the three-metal ion described by Herschlag and Piccirilli. Although Stahley and Strobel s results for PDB IZZN do not rule out a disordered third metal ion in their crystal structure, they believe that the great majority of the biochemical data is explained by their two-metal model. Consequently, they would equate their (Mi) with reference 27 s Ma and their Mgi° (M2) with... 

Direct visualization of chromatin structures, from single nucleosome particles to large-scale chromatin fiber in relatively unperturbed nuclei, has had a major impact on our understanding of how DNA is organized in eukaryotic cells. Without images of chromatin at all levels of organization, our interpretations of more indirect biochemical data would be impaired. We predict that advances in chromatin structure and function research will continue to rely on developments in imaging techniques. 

Hoffman s group for electron nuclear double resonance (El OR) spectroscopy). This paper will review how the application of spectroscopy in conjunction with chemical and biochemical data has resulted in an increasingly more sophisticated, and one assumes increasingly accurate, picture of the active site of aconitase. 

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