Kynar

Titanium tetrafluoride may be prepared by the action of elemental fluorine on titanium metal at 250°C (5) or on Ti02 at 350°C. The most economical and convenient method is the action of Hquid anhydrous HF on commercially available titanium tetrachloride in Teflon or Kynar containers. Polyethylene reacts with TiCl and turns dark upon prolonged exposure. The excess of HF used is boiled off to remove residual chloride present in the intermediates. 

Elf Atochem North America, Inc. United States Kynar... 

Materials of Construction. Glass has excellent corrosion-resistance to wet or dry bromine. Lead is very usefiil for bromine service if water is less than 70 ppm. The bromine corrosion rate increases with concentrations of water and organics. Tantalum and niobium have excellent corrosion-resistance to wet or dry bromine. Nickel has usefiil resistance for dry bromine but is rapidly attacked by wet bromine. The fluoropolymers Kynar, Halar, and Teflon are highly resistant to bromine but are somewhat permeable. The rate depends on temperature, pressure, and stmcture (density) of fluoropolymer (63). 

Materials of Construction. GeneraHy, carbon steel is satisfactory as a material of construction when handling propylene, chlorine, HCl, and chlorinated hydrocarbons at low temperatures (below 100°C) in the absence of water. Nickel-based aHoys are chiefly used in the reaction area where resistance to chlorine and HCl at elevated temperatures is required (39). Elastomer-lined equipment, usuaHy PTFE or Kynar, is typicaHy used when water and HCl or chlorine are present together, such as adsorption of HCl in water, since corrosion of most metals is excessive. Stainless steels are to be avoided in locations exposed to inorganic chlorides, as stainless steels can be subject to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Contact with aluminum should be avoided under aH circumstances because of potential undesirable reactivity problems. 

Kynar Liners Kynar (Pennwalt Chemicals Corp.) vinylidene fluoride liners are used for many chemicals, including bromine and 50 percent hydrochloric acid. 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-linedsteel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-Ifned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40 Alloy 20 Sch. 5 FEP Teflon-lined steel PFA Teflon-lined steel Armored-glass pipe PTFE Teflon-lined steel Monel 400 Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 5 Alloy 20 Sch. 40 Monel 400 Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 5 Titanium Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 40 Titanium Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 40 Glass-lined steel Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 5 Hastelloy B Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 40 Hastelloy B Sch. 40 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 5 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 40... 

The important thermoplastics used commercially are polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), vinylidene chloride (Saran), fluorocarbons (Teflon, Halar, Kel-F, Kynar), polycarbonates, polypropylene, nylons, and acetals (Delrin). Important thermosetting plasttcs are... 

The most chemical-resistant plastic commercially available today is tetrafluoroethylene or TFE (Teflon). This thermoplastic is practically unaffected by all alkahes and acids except fluorine and chlorine gas at elevated temperatures and molten metals. It retains its properties up to 260°C (500°F). Chlorotrifluoroethylene or CTFE (Kel-F, Plaskon) also possesses excellent corrosion resistance to almost all acids and alkalies up to 180°C (350°F). A Teflon derivative has been developed from the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. This resin, FEP, has similar properties to TFE except that it is not recommended for continuous exposures at temperatures above 200°C (400°F). Also, FEP can be extruded on conventional extrusion equipment, while TFE parts must be made by comphcated powder-metallurgy techniques. Another version is poly-vinylidene fluoride, or PVF2 (Kynar), which has excellent resistance to alkahes and acids to 150°C (300°F). It can be extruded. A more recent development is a copolymer of CTFE and ethylene (Halar). This material has excellent resistance to strong inorganic acids, bases, and salts up to 150°C. It also can be extruded. 

In the United States and the United Kingdom, KYNAR or CATHORAD cable is used. 

Suitable cable for cathode and anode cables to be laid in earth is NYY-0 (in the United States, HMWPE on Kynar). The cable must be protected in the earth and connected (by straps to the dome supports of tanks see Ref. 3) to structural parts of the object to be protected, which must not become detached in operation. 

This melt-processable homopolymer was first introduced in 1961 as Kynar by the Pennsalt Chemical Corporation (the company name being subsequently changed to Pennwalt). Other companies now manufacturing similar polymers are Dynamit Nobel (Dyflor), Kureha (KF), Solvay (Solef) and Atochem (Foraflon). 

Bromine chloride s reactivity with metals is not as great as that of bromine however, it is comparable to chlorine. Dry BrCl is typically two orders of magnitude less reactive with metals than dry bromine. Most BrCI is less corrosive than bromine. Like chlorine, BrCl is stored and shipped in steel containers. Also, Kynar and Viton plastics and Teflon are preferred over polyvinyl chloride (PVC) when BrCl is in the liquid or vapor states. 

PVDF CH2=CF2 Dyflor Ktireha KF Kynar Neoflon VDF Solef Dynamit Nobel Kureha Chemical Atochem Dai kin Solvay Germany Japan USA Japan Belgium... 

Silastic LS 420, possessing approximately Q.6%-0.9% pendant vinyl groups, was blended with Kynar 7201, a vinylidene fluoride copolymer with tetrafluoroethylene (Atochem), in the presence of triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) and DAP containing a small amount of benzoyl peroxide in the DAP fraction. 

Polyvinylidene fluoride (Kynar) (PVDF) is probably the most widely used fluorinated polymer for chemical applications. It can be melt-processed using virtually all the melt-processible procedures. PVDF components such as pipe fittings, tubing, sheet, shapes, and... 

Kuhni contacters, 10 778 Kujimycins, 15 280 Kunster marrow needle, 3 743 Kurnakov test, 19 656 Kurrol s salts, 13 848 Kuruma shrimp, common and scientific names, 3 188t K X rays, 21 311 KX zeolite. See Zeolite KX Kyanite, 2 345t in clays, 6 685 in coal, 6 718 Kynarflex, 7 641 Kynar SL, 7 641 Kynol fibers, 13 797 Kyoto Protocol, 11 721 KY zeolite. See Zeolite KY... 

Jokela, K., Serimaa, R., Torkkeli, M., Elomaa, M., Sundholm, R, Walsby, N., KailUo, T. and Sundholm, G. 2000. SAXS studies on Kynar-based membranes for fuel cells. Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 723-726. 

Preparation of each test substrate was performed as follows A 10" long, Kynar (polyvlnylldene fluoride) Insulated wire (Insulation thickness, 0.005") was soldered to each electrical half of the... 

The processability of fluorine-containing polymers is improved by replacement of one or more of the fluorine atoms. Replacing one of the eight fluorine atoms with a trifluoromethyl group gives a product called FEP or Viton, actually a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (Equation 6.53). Polytrifluoromonochloroethylene (PCTFE, Kel F) (Equation 6.54), in which one fluorine atom has been replaced by a chlorine atom, has a less regular structure and is thus more easily processed. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Kynar) (Equation 6.55) is also more easily processable but less resistant to solvents and corrosives. 

Trade names for fluoropolymers include Aflon, Fluon, Halar, Hostajion, Kel-F, Kynar, Polyflon, Tedlar, Teflon, and Tefzel. 

Carbon steel Sch, 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminurn Sch. 40 304 Stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran lined steel Polypropylene- (tned steel Rijbbe -lined steel Seh. 40 316 stainless steel Sct>, 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-linied steel 316 stainless steel Scb. 40... 

Trade names Teflon, Kynar, Halar, Tefzel... 

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (Kynar) has the following repeating unit ... 

Copper Carbon Steel Bethanized Steel Kynar Polypropylene Teflon ... 

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