Kidney cell enlargement

Other toxic effects observed due to PAHs include decrease body weight, enlarged liver with cell edema and congestion of the liver parenchyma, reproductive toxicities, destruction of oocytes, and inflammation of kidney cells [15]. Developmental toxicities such as embryolethality, reduced fetal weight, and malformations have been reported in response to benz[fl]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[fl,lt]anthracene, and naphthalene [13,16]. A series of studies have been conducted on the reproductive and developmental toxicity in humans. These were carried out in several countries such as Ukraine [17], United States [18], and Czech Republic [19]. Even though these studies did not have enough data to conclude a correlation, results from the numerous studies on laboratory animals indicate so. 

These infants with severe combined immunodeficiency are exquisitely susceptible to graft-versus-host disease which has been observed in them following administration of peripheral blood, fetal liver cells, or histoincom-patible bone marrow " The course of the reaction much resembles the disease of mice and is rapidly fatal in 10-14 days. It is characterized by fever, a maculopapular rash involving the volar surfaces, diarrhoea with protein-losing enteropathy and edema, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Haemorrhage into the gut or lung is usually the terminal event. Donor cells are most abundantly evident in the spleen and liver and less so in skin and kidney. Splenic enlargement resembles also the observation in mice and correlates with the severity of the reaction. 

Histopathological changes were noted in the kidneys of rats administered lead acetate in the drinking water for 76 weeks at lower doses (Roller et al. 1985). These changes, which were observed at a dose of 37 mg/kg/day, a dose much lower than that used by Vyskocil et al. (1989), included necrotic and dilated cortical tubules, tubular protein casts, areas with large nuclei and fibrous connective tissue, and large intranuclear inclusion bodies in the enlarged epithelial cells of the cortex near the cortical-medullary junction. 

Hepatotoxic chemicals cause liver damage, jaundice, and liver enlargement. Nephrotoxic chemicals cause kidney damage and renal failure. Hematopoietic chemicals interfere with the production of red blood cells and can cause anemia and leukemia. 

Bao, Q., and Hughes, R.C. (1995). Galectin-3 expression and effects on cyst enlargement and tubulogenesis in kidney epithelial MDCK cells cultured in three-dimensional matrices in vitro./. CeUSd. 108, 2791-2800. 

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