Liver with cells

Other toxic effects observed due to PAHs include decrease body weight, enlarged liver with cell edema and congestion of the liver parenchyma, reproductive toxicities, destruction of oocytes, and inflammation of kidney cells [15]. Developmental toxicities such as embryolethality, reduced fetal weight, and malformations have been reported in response to benz[fl]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[fl,lt]anthracene, and naphthalene [13,16]. A series of studies have been conducted on the reproductive and developmental toxicity in humans. These were carried out in several countries such as Ukraine [17], United States [18], and Czech Republic [19]. Even though these studies did not have enough data to conclude a correlation, results from the numerous studies on laboratory animals indicate so. 

Although many animal models for iron overload exist, some mimicking certain aspects of HH, the 32-microglobulin knockout mouse is of special interest as it revealed for the first time crucial aspects of the pathogenesis of human HH in an animal model, and also because it underlines the important links between iron metabolism and the immune system. Hepatic iron overload in 32-microglobulin ( 32m)-deficient mice appeared to be similar to that found in HH, with pathological iron depositions occurring predominantly in liver parenchymal cells (de Sousa et ah,... 

Guillouzo et al. (1988) developed a coculture system of rat or human hepatocytes with rat liver epithelial cells that maintains the hepatocytes in a differentiated state for extended periods of time, thereby allowing studies involving chronic treatment with the test substance to be conducted. Primary cultures of hepatocytes can therefore provide a useful model for short- and long-term studies involving the safety assessment of xenobiotics. 

The treatment of tumours in the liver with drug targeting preparations is hampered by the lack of tumour specifity of most preparations. Liposomes incorporating the immunomodula-tor muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine have been used as an aspecific approach to increasing the number of tumouricidal macrophages in the liver in order to prevent the development of metastases [99].To date, the greatest tumour cell specificity has been obtained... 

Rats fed diets containing 30 or 300ppm ammonium perfluorooctanoate for 2 years had increased liver weights with occasional necrosis and an apparent dose-dependent increase in Leydig cell adenomas, but there was no evidence of an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In a follow-up study in male mice, 300ppm in the diet for 2 years caused increases in liver, Leydig cell, and pancreatic acinar cell tumors that may have been associated with the peroxisome-proliferating capabilities of the compound. Ammonium perfluorooctanoate also produced sustained increases in serum estradiol concentrations. ... 

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